1 生物反應器之基質降解動力學 Kinetics of Substrate Degradation in Biological Reactors 主講人 : 黃汝賢 國立成功大學環境工程學系

2 Experiences of Publishing Journal Papers Goal/Tactics Journal publications-Make a justified (reasonable and acceptable), readable (interesting and worth reading) scientific article/story. How? Illustrate comprehensibly the relevant, significant problem/Indicate the new development; Emphasize comprehensively the new and significant information. Pick an concise heading; Describe comprehensively the experimental and/or theoretical methods; Emphasize that the employed approaches/techniques are new and interesting. Pick an concise heading; Describe the results thoroughly and make the interpretations justified by the results; Show contributions for further research work. State the conclusions (abstract) concisely (everything that is necessary without using any unnecessary words).

3 Papers Submitted to: Biotechnol. Bioeng. (USA) J. Envir. Eng. (ASCE). (USA) Water Envir. Res. (USA) Water Res. (Great Britain) J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. (Great Britain)

4 Biological Wastewater Treatment Objectives of biological treatment Roles of microorganisms Nutritional requirements for microbial growth

5 Biological Treatment Processes Aerobic Anoxic Anaerobic Combined

6 Kinetics of Substrate Utilization Monod-type Grau Haldane Modified Grau (Huang)

7 Estimation of Biokinetic Constants Batch Chemostat CSTR with sludge return

8 Part 1. Process Kinetics of UASB Reactors Treating Inhibitory Substrate

9 Schematic diagram of UASB reactor

10 Kinetic Model

11 Time course of phenol utilization in a suspended- growth batch reactor (mixed culture).

12 Time course of acetate utilization in a suspended- growth batch reactor (enrichment culture).

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17 Part 2. Effect of Addition of Rhodobacter Sp. to Activated-Sludge Reactors Treating Piggery Wastewater

18 Schematic of purple nonsulfur bacteria- supplemented activated-sludge reactors.

19 Kinetic Model

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21 Time course of soluble COD conversion in batch-type activated-sludge reactors.

22 Time course of Bchl. a decay in continuous- flow activated-sludge reactors.

23 Calculated and experimental COD removal efficiencies at different F/M ratios.

24 Variations in TKN removal efficiency with different F/M ratios.

25 Calculated and experimental SOURs at different F/M ratios.

26 Parametric sensitivity. (k = 0.88 d -1, f = 0.025, n = 0.50, and F/M = 0.50 kg COD/kg MLVSS-d)

27 Parametric sensitivity. (k = 0.88 d -1, f = 0.025, n = 0.50, a = 0.60 kg O 2 /kg COD, and b = 0.10 d -1 )

28 Part 3. Nitrification-Denitrification Kinetics Incorporating Distributed Fractions of Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Nitrate Reducer and Nitrite Reducer

29 Schematic of the single-sludge nitrogen removal system.

30 Assumptions of Model Formulation 1.Nitrification and biosynthesis of nitrifiers occur in the aerobic reactor only. 2.Denitrification and biosynthesis of denitrifiers occur in the anoxic reactor only. 3.Both nitrification and denitrification are regarded as sequential biochemical reactions. 4.Both the oxidation of NH 4 + -N and NO 2 - -N follow Monod-type kinetics; the reduction of NO 3 - -N follows zero-order kinetics, while the reduction of NO 2 - -N follows Monod-type kinetics. 5.No microbial activity occurs in the settler; that is, the soluble nitrogen content in the settler and the effluent are the same as that in the aerobic reactor. 6.Nitrogen assimilation by Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, nitrate reducer or nitrite reducer is g N/g VSS, according to the chemical formula of microbial cells C 5 H 7 O 2 N.

31 NH 4 + -N, NO 2 - -N, and NO 3 - -N in anoxic reactor The mass balance for NH 4 + -N, NO 2 - -N, and NO 3 - -N entering and leaving the anoxic reactor can be expressed as Q C k0 + (Q s + Q m ) C k2 – (Q + Q s + Q m ) C k1 – V 1 r s = 0(1) (Q s + Q m ) C ni2 – (Q + Q s + Q m ) C ni1 + V 1 r dn1 – V 1 r dn2 = 0(2) (Q s + Q m ) C na2 – (Q + Q s + Q m ) C na1 – V 1 r dn1 = 0(3) NH 4 + -N, NO 2 - -N, and NO 3 - -N in aerobic reactor The mass balance for NH 4 + -N, NO 2 - -N, and NO 3 - -N entering and leaving the aerobic reactor can be expressed as (Q + Q s + Q m )C k1 – (Q + Q s + Q m ) C k2 – V 2 r s – V 2 r n1 = 0(4) (Q + Q s + Q m ) C ni1 – (Q + Q s + Q m ) C ni2 + V 2 r n1 – V 2 r n2 = 0(5) (Q + Q s + Q m ) C na1 – (Q + Q s + Q m ) C na2 + V 2 r n2 = 0(6) Kinetic Model

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34 Time course of the oxidation of NO 2 - -N in a suspended- growth batch reactor.

35 Time course of the oxidation of NH 4 + -N in a suspended- growth batch reactor.

36 Time course of the reduction of NO 2 - -N in a suspended- growth batch reactor.

37 Time course of the reduction of NO 3 - -N in a suspended- growth batch reactor.

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41 Calculated NH 4 + -N removal efficiency vs. experimental NH 4 + -N removal efficiency in the single-sludge nitrogen removal system.

42 Calculated TN removal efficiency vs. experimental TN removal efficiency in the single-sludge nitrogen removal system.