Liquefied Natural Gas Fuel tank MAE 435 – Final Presentation Advisor: Dr. Zhang Liebherr representative: James Whitfield -Albert Ochagavia -Pithan Rojanavongse -Josh Harris -John Alexander

LNG Background What is LNG? Why use it? Liquefied Natural Gas -162° C 1/600 volume of Natural Gas Why use it? Cost Availability Efficiency Environment

Project Statement To design and analyze a Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) fuel tank for Liebherr’s current T 264 mining truck that conforms to all Pressure Vessel and LNG regulations and fits in the space available on the mining vehicle.

Project Goals Design LNG Tank to fit Liebherr’s current T 264 Mining Truck Maximize Volume for 8-12 hour operational time (35% work load) Strictly follow pressure vessel and LNG standard regulations Perform a Finite Elemental Analysis of the tank using SolidWorks

Tank Design Parameters Space Available Assumptions Load factor of 35% LNG engine efficiency equivalent to Diesel ASTM Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Same tank design will be used for both tanks

Inner Tank A240 Type 304 Stainless Steel Total volume: 1800 L Thickness: 1.75 inches 2 parts (Shielded Metal Arc Welding Method)

Ullage Tank Rivets Volume: 180 L Diameter: 2.5 inches Increases hold time Pump less fuel method Full tank gauge Rivets Diameter: 2.5 inches Length: 3 inches Vertical and horizontal support

Insulation Layer Multi Layer Insulator (MLI) 1 inch thickness Low thermal conductivity K= 0.0001 W/m-k High thermal resistance R=1440 m^2K/W

Outer Shell A240 Type 304 Stainless Steel Made of 2 parts Shielded Metal Arc Welding Method Allows vacuum Placement for rivets at the bottom

Manifold

LNG fuel tank

Gauges Three Companies: Omega, Ashcroft, and WIKA Two Gauges: Fuel Standard Size: ~ 2” Pressure Maximum tank pressure: 420 psi Average Size: 1 – 2 ½” Properties: High pressure High shock resistant Cryogenic temperatures (304 SS)

Fueling Methods 50 gallons per minute Stainless steel Standard Diameter: 1 ½ “ Time efficient Prevention of temperature and pressure changes Function at cryogenic temperatures and atmospheric pressure 50 Gallons Per Minute Material: Stainless Steel The majority of companies are developing similar fueling methods Quick disconnect and fueling Parker, CryoMac, Carter, etc. 50 gallons per minute Stainless steel

Three Major Components Vent Removing warmer gas Sub-cooling LNG residual Decrease in pressure LNG facilities may have a vent connection Liquid For defueling tank (emergency situations) Relief Valves Reduces pressure Safety feature

Rules & Regulations NFPA 57 – Liquefied Natural Gas Vehicular Fuel Systems Code Design, installation, operation, and maintenance of LNG engine fuel systems on vehicles of all types SAE J2343 – Recommended Practice for LNG Medium and Heavy-Duty Powered Vehicles Guidance for construction, operation, and maintenance of LNG heavy-duty vehicles for public transit and commercial applications

Safety Features Ullage Tank Pressure Relief Valves 350 psi 400 psi Emergency Shutoff Valves Defueling connection

Finite Element Analysis Weight Analysis (4000 lbs) Yielding stress 207 MPa (304 SS) Max stress from FEA 22 MPa

Finite Elemant Analysis Pressure (420 psi) Yielding stress 207 MPa (304 SS) Max stress from FEA 190 MPa

Goals (2) Design a single LNG Tank to fit Liebherr’s current T 264 Mining Truck Designed a tank that fits and has an approximate volume of 1800 L Maximize Volume for 8-12 hour operational time (35% work load) Total of 3500 L = 11-12 hour of operation time Strictly follow pressure vessel and LNG standard regulations NFPA 57 SAE J2343 Perform a Finite Elemental Analysis of the tank using SolidWorks Max stress < yielding stress for 304 stainless steel (207 Mpa)

QUESTIONS?