1 Industrial Ecology – Spring 2012

2 Table of Contents Recap – Disassembly & Analysis Conclusions Redesign – Use Phase and Additional Improvements Conclusions – Total Impact Reduction

3 Disassembly- Explosion Diagram

4 Eco Audit- Energy Summary PhaseEnergy (MJ)Energy (%)CO2 (kg)CO2 (%) Material Manufacture Transport Use2.77e Disposal Total (for first life)2.94e End of life potential Carbon and Energy Totals

5 Eco Audit- Water Consumption Summary

6 Problem Statement – Where we left off Identify 14 Million Coffee Makers are sold each year in the United States (consumer watch) Consumer coffee makers require energy to compensate for heat loss. Hypothesize Reduce Energy Consumption during use through redesign Aim to move to insular materials to reduce waste heat Reduce energy consumption through behavioral change Implement Energy conservation by changing key components: Pot, Conductive plate and Heating element Propose Use Based conservation– How many cups do you drink compared to your waste?

Function, Objectives, Constraints, Free Variables Provide at home fast, easy, cost efficient coffee Function Produce hot water at appropriate temperature for coffee brewing Objective Water Resistance, heat resistance, stiffness, capacity Constraints Heating time, material choice, material thickness Free Variables

Redesign – Design Requirements ComponentFunctionObjectiveConstraintsFree Variables PackagingProtection/MarketingMinimize Eco- ImpactLoad < Damaging Load Material Choice, Thickness Polypropylene ShellStructure & SupportMinimize Eco- Impact and maintain cost Stiff and Strong Enough, Cost Material Choice, Thickness ElectronicsControls machine operation Minimize Eco- ImpactSimple Coffee Controls N/A Filter BasketHold Coffee GrindsMinimize Eco- ImpactStiff and Strong Enough, Cost Material Choice, Thickness Coffee PotContain and Insulate Coffee Reduce Thermal Losses Contain 8 Cups, Hold Liquid Material Choice, Thickness Heating Element & Tubing Heat the waterReduce Thermal Losses Electric – Thermal Conversion Material Choice, Thickness

Redesign – Coffee Pot Materials Selection

Redesign – Analysis of Polypropylene

Use Phase – Key Design Changes Insulated Coffee Carafe Heating Element Location Stainless Steel Reusable Filter 8-cup Water Capacity

Redesign: Insulating Carafe Dual shell vacuum insulation. Minimal points of contact. Minimal heat loss by conduction. Keeps coffee warm at 160F (71C) for up to 6 hours. No need for reheating of coffee

Redesign: Result of Insulating Carafe Heat transfer by conduction. Heat transfer is minimized by the coefficient of thermal conductivity of insular material. Heat transfer is minimized by the insulation thickness. Energy Calculations. - Input at 900watts -10min/day on time Energy = 900J/s*600s=540kJ/day -Life time = 6yrs Energy = 540kJ/day*365day*6years =1182.6MJ/lifetime Life time energy saving 2770MJ MJ=1587MJ 57% cut in energy consumption

Usage Adjustments – Reusable Filters Saves up to MJ of energy and 7.5kg of CO2 Energy (MJ) CO2 (kg) Stainless Steel Reusable Filter Total Before End of Life Total After End of Life Paper Filters Total

Usage Adjustments – Reduction in Water Capacity Original Use Water Consumption: 93,220kg By reducing capacity to 8 cups, an estimated reduction in daily use is 2 cups Total Use = 74,661kg New Water Consumption: Water Savings: 18,559kg

Redesign – Analysis & Redesign of Packaging Materials Material ManufacturingTotal (MJ) Original Plastic Bag1.7MJ MJ Styrofoam10MJ Original Total11.7MJ0.79MJ12.49 NewPLA1.546MJ0.18MJ1.726 Energy Savings 10.76

Redesign – Eliminating water transport in Use phase Assumptions: The entire reservoir,8 cups is transported through the machine in approximately 10 minutes The Coffee is warmed to C (Environmental impacts of different methods of coffee preparation by Eva Brommer,Britta Stratmann and Dietlinde Quack) Energy losses can be directly correlated to energy savings. Room temperature is 23 degrees Celsius. The tubing is a perfect cylinder of length.3556 meters Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of the Tubing is.13 W/mK ( conductivity-d_429.html)

Redesign – Calculating Energy Gains

Temperature©Q (W/m)Energy LostPer YearPer Life Cycle Saves Approximately 18 MJ Per Unit

Redesign:

Redesign: Water & Heating Diagram

Redesign: Filter & Basket

Redesign: Cumulative Results ImprovementCO2 Reduction (kg) Energy Reduction (MJ) Water Consumption (kg) Insulated Pot851587N/A Packaging Materials Reduction of Water Capacity N/A Relocation of Heating Element N/A18N/A

Conclusions- Overall Impact

Conclusion Comparability: Costs – New Design is in the same price bracket as original End-of-Life – Both glass and stainless steel can be recycled Significant Findings: Insulated carafe is responsible for the most dramatic energy savings Stainless steel would be an easy substitute for the glass carafe

Final Conclusions and Changes 1.Insulated Carafe 2.Reusable Stainless Steel Filter 3. 8-Cup Water Capacity 4.Location of the Heating Element

Works Cited maker/catalogue.pl?shop=tefal&path=290047&model_ref=41271&illustration_ref=