Advanced Accounting by Debra Jeter and Paul Chaney Chapter 11: Alternative Concepts of Consolidated Financial Statements Slides Authored by Hannah Wong, Ph.D. Rutgers University

Pooling of Interests Method Recent developments Upsurge in pooling activity in 1998 FASB voted to eliminate the pooling method in 4/1999 exposure draft eliminating the pooling method issued in 9/1999 final standard expected late 2000

Pooling of Interests Method Why is the FASB considering elimination of the pooling method? The purchase method provides better information on the profitability of an investment International compatibility

Pooling of Interests Method Stock Acquisition Main Requirement a stock acquisition through an exchange of voting stock for at least 90% of the voting stock of the acquired company

Wholly Owned Subsidiary Equity Allocation Case A: P issued shares with par value of $60,000 Other Contributed Capital - S $10,000 Retained Earnings - S $20,000 Common stock -S $50,000 $10,000 $50,000 $20,000 Common Stock - P $200,000 Other Contributed Capital - P $40,000 Retained Earnings - P $100,000

Wholly Owned Subsidiary Journal Entry Case A: P issued shares with par value of $60,000 net assets acquired are recorded at their book value Investment in S 80,000 Common Stock 60,000 Retained Earnings 20,000 Total shareholders’ equity of S Company ($80,000) is carried forward to P Company Par value of common stock issued is recorded

Wholly Owned Subsidiary Eliminating Entry Case A: P issued shares with par value of $60,000 Common stock - S 50,000 Other contributed capital - S 10,000 Retained earnings - S 20,000 Investment in S 80,000 There is no purchase differential under pooling method because the investment account carries the book value of S

Wholly Owned Subsidiary Equity Allocation Case B: P issued shares with par value of $90,000 Other Contributed Capital - S $10,000 Retained Earnings - S $20,000 Common stock -S $50,000 $10,000 $50,000 $20,000 Common Stock - P $200,000 Other Contributed Capital - P $40,000 Retained Earnings - P $100,000 $30,000

Wholly Owned Subsidiary Journal Entry Case B: P issued shares with par value of $90,000 net assets acquired are recorded at their book value Investment in S 80,000 Other contributed capital 30,000 Common Stock 90,000 Retained Earnings 20,000 Total shareholders’ equity of S Company ($80,000) is carried forward to P Company Par value of common stock issued is recorded

Wholly Owned Subsidiary Equity Allocation Case C: P issued shares with par value of $110,000 Other Contributed Capital - S $10,000 Retained Earnings - S $20,000 Common stock -S $50,000 $10,000 $10,000 $50,000 $10,000 Common Stock - P $200,000 Other Contributed Capital - P $40,000 Retained Earnings - P $100,000 $40,000

Wholly Owned Subsidiary Journal Entry Case C: P issued shares with par value of $110,000 net assets acquired are recorded at their book value Investment in S 80,000 Other contributed capital 40,000 Common Stock 110,000 Retained Earnings 10,000 Total shareholders’ equity of S Company ($80,000) is carried forward to P Company Par value of common stock issued is recorded

95% Owned Subsidiary Equity Allocation Case D: P issued shares with par value of $50,000 Other Contributed Capital - S $9,500 Retained Earnings - S $19,000 Common stock -S $47,500 $2,500 $47,500 $7,500 $19,000 Common Stock - P $200,000 Other Contributed Capital - P $40,000 Retained Earnings - P $100,000

95% Owned Subsidiary Journal Entry Case D: P issued shares with par value of $50,000 net assets acquired are recorded at their book value Investment in S 76,000 Common Stock 50,000 Other contributed capital 7,000 Retained Earnings 19,000 Total shareholders’ equity of S Company ($80,000) is carried forward to P Company Par value of common stock issued is recorded

95% Owned Subsidiary Eliminating Entry Case D: P issued shares with par value of $50,000 Common stock - S 47,500 Other contributed capital - S 9,000 Retained earnings - S 19,000 Investment in S 76,000 There is no purchase differential under pooling method because the investment account carries the book value of S

Accounting for a Pooled Subsidiary After Acquisition Book value method equivalent to cost method in a purchase Partial equity method Complete equity method

Accounting After Acquisition Book Value Method Journal entries of parent: investment account remains unchanged unless the parent buys or sells shares of the subsidiary parent records dividend income from subsidiary

Accounting After Acquisition Book Value Method Eliminating entries: reciprocity EE dividend EE investment EE The eliminating entries are similar to those under purchase method, without allocation and amortization of purchase differential

Accounting After Acquisition Partial or Complete Equity Method Journal entries of parent: investment account is increased for the parent’s share of reported net income of subsidiary investment account is decreased for dividends received from the subsidiary complete equity method: investment account is adjusted for unrealized profit from intercompany sale of inventory or equipment

Accounting After Acquisition Partial or Complete Equity Method Eliminating entries: dividend EE investment EE The eliminating entries are similar to those under purchase method, without allocation and amortization of purchase differential

Interim Acquisition Revenues and expenses of the subsidiary are included in the consolidated income statement for the entire year The investment account is recorded as if the pooling took place at the beginning of the year No “net income purchased”

Intercompany Sale of Assets All unrealized profit from intercompany sale of inventory or property is excluded from consolidated financial statements The eliminating entries are similar to those under purchase method

Alternative Concepts of Consolidation Parent Company Concept Economic Unit Concept Current practice is a compromise between the two general concepts

Parent Company Concept Focus: the interests of the parent’s shareholders consolidated balance sheet = parent’s balance sheet + assets and liabilities of subsidiary substituted for the Investment in S account consolidated income statement = parent’s income statement + revenues, expenses, gains and losses of subsidiary substituted for the parent’s income from investment

Economic Unit Concept Focus: control of the whole by a single management the parent and the subsidiary as a single economic unit consolidated balance sheet = assets and liabilities of all affiliated companies consolidated income statement = revenues, expenses, gains and losses of all affiliated companies

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