APPLIED GENETICS

◦USING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF GENES TO CREATE CHANGES IN THE DNA OF ORGANISMS ◦THERE ARE THREE AREAS OF UNDERSTANDING  MUTATIONS  GENETIC DISORDERS  GENETIC ENGINEERING

APPLIED GENETICS MUTATIONS ◦DEFINITION -- ?? ◦TWO KINDS  CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS  GENE MUTATIONS ◦CAUSES  MUTAGENS (X-RAYS, CHEMICALS, ETC)  UNKNOWN FACTORS (MISTAKES IN REPLICATION)

APPLIED GENETICS CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS ◦DEFINITION -- ??

APPLIED GENETICS GENE MUTATION ◦DEFINTION -- ??

APPLIED GENETICS GENETIC DISORDERS ◦DEFINITION -- ?? ◦LEARNING ABOUT GENETIC DISORDERS GIVES US IDEAS ON HOW TO TREAT THEM ◦PEDIGREE CHARTS

APPLIED GENETICS GENETIC DISORDERS IN HUMANS ◦CYSTIC FIBROSIS ◦SICKLE-CELL DISEASE ◦PHENYLKETONURIA (PKU) ◦HUNTINGTON DISEASE ◦DOWN’S SYNDROME

APPLIED GENETICS DETECTING DISORDERS

APPLIED GENETICS GENETIC ENGINEERING ◦DEFINITION -- ?? ◦FORMS  BREEDING*  GENE ISOLATION  GENE RECOMBINATION  GENE INSERTION  CLONING

APPLIED GENETICS SELECTIVE BREEDING

APPLIED GENETICS GENE ISOLATION ◦WE HAVE TO BE ABLE TO CUT OUT/SEPARATE GENES…SO WE NEED “DNA SCISSORS” RESTRICTION ENZYMES

APPLIED GENETICS DNA INSERTION & RECOMBINANT DNA

APPLIED GENETICS CLONING ◦DEFINTION -- ?? ◦JUST BECAUSE ORGANISMS ARE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL, DOES THAT MEAN THEY WILL LOOK EXACTLY ALIKE?

APPLIED GENETICS WITH ALL THESE DIFFERENT WAYS OF CHANGING DNA, AND CREATING NEW FORMS OF GENES (TRAITS) HOW COME WE DON’T SEE AN ENDLESS NUMBER OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORGANISMS? EVOLUTION IS NEXT!!