En la clase La sala de clases The classroom

Objectives  Talk about things in the classroom  Ask questions about new words and phrases  Use the Spanish alphabet to spell words  Talk about things related to the calendar

la profesora el/la estudiante el profesor el cuaderno la hoja de papel

el lápiz el libro el bolígrafo la pluma

la carpeta el pupitre el escritorio

Más vocabulario la mochila la regla la grapadora la calculadora

Fondo cultural The Maya were among the early civilizations in the Western Hemisphere to develop a form of writing with symbols, know as hieroglyphics (los jeroglíficos). Each symbol, or glyph, represents a word or an idea. With what other hieroglyphic writing are you familiar?

Fondo cultural Egyptian hieroglyphics Mandarin alphabet

El calendario y la fecha El calendario (calendar) y la fecha (the date) are a little different en español.

El calendario y la fecha  The days of the week and months are NOT capitalized except at the beginning of a sentence.  Their calendar week starts on Monday, not Sunday like here in the United States.  When they write the date, it follows the way they say it – day, month, year.  Example: Hoy es el trece de septiembre. Today is the 13 th of September. Or: 13/9/11 instead of 9/13/11.

El calendario y la fecha  ¡Intentalo! (Try it!)  Re-write the following dates like they would in a Spanish-speaking country, then write the date with the month next to it like seen below.  Remember, just think of small unit of time to larger. day  month  year  Example: 7/04/11  04/07/11 (July 4 th )  1) 12/25/13  2) 10/12/35  3) 12/12/66  4) 10/31/00

El calendario y la fecha  Remember, just think of small unit of time to larger. day  month  year  1) 12/25/13  2) 25/12/13 25 th of December Christmas Day year 2013  2) 10/12/35  3) 12/10/35 12 th of October Pavarotti’s Birthday year 1935  3) 12/12/66  4) 12/12/66 12 th of December Srta. Bernard’s birthday year 1966  4) 10/31/00  4) 31/10/00 31 st of October Halloween year 2000

Los días de la semana The days of the week  lunes – Monday  martes – Tuesday  miércoles – Wednesday  jueves – Thursday  viernes – Friday  sábado – Saturday  domingo – Sunday

Los días de la semana The days of the week  lunes – Lazy  martes – Monkeys  miércoles – Make  jueves – Jokes  viernes – Very  sábado – Silly (and)  domingo – Dumb

Los meses del año The months of the year  enero – January  febrero – February  marzo – March  abril – April  mayo – May  junio – June  julio – July  agosto – August  septiembre – September  octubre – October  noviembre – November  diciembre – December

Más vocabulario…  un / una = a, one (masculine/feminine) Example: un lápiz – a pencil / one pencil Example: un lápiz – a pencil / one pencil Example: una calculadora – a calculator/one calculator Example: una calculadora – a calculator/one calculator un = goes before a masculine noun un = goes before a masculine noun una = goes before a feminine noun una = goes before a feminine noun  Hay = there is / there are Example: Hay dos lápices. Example: Hay dos lápices. There are 2 pencils. There are 2 pencils. Example: Hay un bolígrafo. Example: Hay un bolígrafo. There is a pen. There is a pen.

¡Intentalo!  Using the verb “hay” (there is/there are) and the classroom items, write 5 sentences.  Ejemplo: Hay un bolígrafo. (There is a pen)

¡Intentalo!  Possible answers/Respuestas posibles:  1) Hay una mochila. There is a backpack.  2) Hay un calendario. There is a calendar.  3) Hay una pluma. There is a pen.  4) Hay una carpeta. There is a folder.  5) Hay una regla. There is a ruler.  6) Hay un lápiz. There is a pencil. Take the next step – if you had 2 of something, how might you write it in English and Spanish? Take the next step – if you had 2 of something, how might you write it in English and Spanish? There are 2 backpacks. There are 2 backpacks.

¡Intentalo!  Possible answers/Respuestas posibles:  1) Hay dos mochilas. There are two backpacks.  2) Hay dos calendarios. There are two calendars.  3) Hay dos plumas. There are two pens.  4) Hay dos carpetas. There are two folders.  5) Hay dos reglas. There are two rulers.  6) Hay dos lápices. There are two pencils.

Más vocabulario…  hoy = today Hoy es lunes. Today is Monday.  mañana = tomorrow Mañana es miércoles. Tomorrow is Wednesday.  el día = the day ¿Qué día es hoy? What day is today?  la semana = the week ¿Cuántos días hay en una semana? How many days are there in the week?  el mes = month ¿Cuántos días hay en el mes de octubre? How many days are there in the month of October?

Más vocabulario…  ¿Cuál es la fecha? What is the date? Es el catorce de septiembre. It is the 14 th of September. Es el catorce de septiembre. It is the 14 th of September. Only on the first of the month do you say, “el primero” meaning the first. Every other day of the month, you use cardinal numbers. Only on the first of the month do you say, “el primero” meaning the first. Every other day of the month, you use cardinal numbers. Note: Date and day are NOT the same in either language. Date is September the 15 th of 2011 and Day is Thursday. Note: Date and day are NOT the same in either language. Date is September the 15 th of 2011 and Day is Thursday.

The ancient Aztecs of Mexico kept track of time using a calendar called the Sun Stone.

The ancient Aztecs were a nomadic tribe that settled in the valley of central Mexico in They established their capital, Tenochtitlán on a lake & their empire dominated most of Mexico until 1521 when Hernán Cortés from Spain defeated them in battle.

Los sanfermines or the “Running of the Bulls,” is a popular 2 week festival in Pamplona, Spain.

Named for the town’s patron saint, San Fermin, who is commemorated on July the 7 th each year, it includes daily bull fights but prior to that, they release the bulls and run along side them in the streets.

El tiempo  R R R Remember, “el tiempo” can refer to time, but it depends on the context of the sentence. Today we are talking about it in reference to the weather.  ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿Qué tiempo hace? = What is the weather?  H H H Hace calor. = It is hot.  H H H Hace frío. = It is cold.  H H H Hace sol. = It is sunny.  H H H Hace viento. = It is windy.  T T T The verb “hacer” usually means “to make” or “to do” but it is an idiomatic phrase here and means basically, “it is.”

 ¿Qué tiempo hace? = What is the weather?  The previous examples used the idiomatic verb, “ hace ” but there are two kinds of weather that are verbs on their own:  Llueve = Rain  Nieva = Snow  So instead of saying, “hace nieva” you just say “nieva” or “llueve”

Las estaciones  Las estaciones / The seasons:  la primavera = Spring  el verano = Summer  el otoño = Autumn/Fall  el invierno = Winter  Example: ¿En qué estación hace frío? In what season is it cold? Answer: En el invierno.

Dos hemisferios