Week 10: Abnormal UA Seds Oval fat bodies Microorganisms Abnormal crystals Artifacts.

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Presentation transcript:

Week 10: Abnormal UA Seds Oval fat bodies Microorganisms Abnormal crystals Artifacts

Oval Fat Bodies Degenerated renal tubular epithelia Fat globules may show Maltese cross pattern in polarized light Clinically significant

Oval Fat Bodies

Cystine Aminoaciduria may be due to overflow, inability to reabsorb, or abnormal amino acids Cycstine is sulfur containing amino acid. Clear hexagonal plate that may resemble uric acid Cystinuria: hereditary impairment of proximal tubule to reabsorb cystine, lysine, ornithine, arginine. Cystine kidney stone. Cystinosis: hereditary condition where cystine deposits throughout the body. Most common cause of Fanconi’s syndrome.

Cystine

Tyrosine Fine needles May see in liver disease Tyrosinosis: faulty tyrosine metabolism Tyrosine is a naturally occurring amino acid. Product of phenylalanine metabolism and precursor of melanin, catecholamines, thyroid hormones.

Tyrosine

Leucine Concentric sphere Naturally occurring amino acid May see in liver disease along with tyrosine

Leucine

Cholesterol Rhomboid plate with notched corner Weakly birefringent

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Looks like Caplet

Sulfa Drugs (Sulfonamides) Bacteriostatic Older drugs less soluble

Bilirubin

Bacteria Usually accompany increased leukocytes May be hidden within leukocytes Commonly Escherichia coli Reflex Culture and Sensitivity test

Bacteriuria

Yeast Budding and mycelial (pseudo-hyphae) forms Often seen in diabetics and immunocompromised patients Likely Candida albicans

Trichomonads Flagellated protozoa from urethra Motility quickly decreases as specimen cools Trichomonas vaginalis is a type of STD

Trichomonas vaginalis

Schistosomiasis Only species seen in UA is Schistosoma hematobium that can deposit eggs in the bladder Common in Africa and SW Asia

Schistoma hematobium

Artifacts Sperm and corpora amylacea Starch and talc Fibers Oil droplets Air bubbles Glass fragments Plant cells Pollen Fecal contaminants Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) Phthirus pubis (louse) Mite X-ray contrast media IVP

Sperm Corpora amylacea

Talc

Fibers

Oil Droplets Air Bubble Glass Fragments

Plant cell Fecal Material Pollen

Enterobius vermicularis

Pubic Louse Mite

IVP

High Specific Gravity IVP and certain antibiotics may cause extremely high SG If SG >1.035 or is not explained by glucosuria, etc., check history Dilution method Make 1:1 dilution with d H 2 O Read SG of diluted specimen Multiply the decimal fraction by 2

High Specific Gravity -- Example 1:1 diluted specimen = Double of = Thus, undiluted specimen = g/mL (original) g/mL(water) = g/2mL = g/mL (diluted specimen)