Cells

Cell Theory All living things are made of cells. Cells carry out the functions needed to support life. Cells come only from other living cells.

Contributing Scientists Anton Von Leeuwenhoek: Invented the microscope and observed tiny living things in water Robert Hooke: Came up with the term “cell” after observing that they were like tiny chambers. Francesco Redi: Proved that living things cannot be produced from non-living matter. Louis Pasteur: Discovered that cells only come from other living cells.

Two Types of Cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes No nucleus Hereditary information in the cytoplasm Example: Bacteria Have a nucleus Hereditary information is in the nucleus Example: Animals, plants, etc.

Organelles The parts of a plant or animal cell. Like organs in our bodies

Cell Wall Only found surrounding plant, fungal, and bacterial cells. Made of cellulose Is rigid strong and stiff Provides support and protection Like a wall surrounding a medieval city

Cell Membrane Surrounds all cells In a plant cell it is behind the cell wall In an animal cell it is the outermost boundary Provides cell with protection, controls movement of materials in and out of the cell, and support. Like the border of a city.

Nucleus Found in both plant and animal cells Large oval shape Controls cell activities Contains genetic information (DNA) Like City Hall

Cytoplasm Found in both plant and animal cells Clear, thick, jelly-like Located inside the cell membrane Supports and protects cell organelles Its like sidewalks and roads found throughout a city

Golgi Apparatus Found in both plant and animal cells Looks like a flattened stack of pancakes Processes and packages molecules that are made in the cell Its like the post office

Endoplasmic Reticulum Found in both plant and animal cells Network of tubes Transports materials throughout the cell Two types Smooth (no ribosomes) Rough (covered in ribosomes) Like the city’s highway system.

Ribosomes Found in both plant and animal cells Produces proteins The smallest organelle Its like a lumber yard or Home Depot, supplying the city with what its made of.

Mitochondria Found in both plant animal cells Looks like a jelly bean Breaks down sugar molecules to release usable energy Has inner foldings like hallways. Its like the city’s powerplant

Vacuoles Found in both plant and animal cells Fluid filled sacs Plant: very few and very large Animal: many little ones Fluid filled sacs Stores food, water, and waste Like a warehouse, water tower, and garbage dump

Lysosomes Found in animal cells Small and round Breaks food down into smaller parts Digests old cell parts Like a recycling center

Chloroplasts Found in plant cells Oval shaped Green Uses energy from the sun to make food for the plant Like solar panels