Percivall Pott  1714 – 1788  Chimney sweeps cancer of the scrotum  Pott’s disease – vertebral tuberculosis

John Hunter  1728 – 1793  Papers at the Royal Society on experimental pathology, including the use of a microscope  Described inflammation  Hunterian Museum, Royal College of Surgeons, London

First Systematic Textbook of Pathology  Matthew Baillie – 1761 – 1823  Nephew of John Hunter  The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body  Microscopic pathology atlas  Physician of King George III

Thomas Hodgkin  1798 – 1866  On Some Morbid Appearances of the Absorbent Glands and the Spleen  “Lister’s compound microscope might lead to useful discoveries in the future.”

 Joseph Recamier – 1774 – 1852 – metastasis  Richard Bright – 1789 – 1858 – Kidney disease  Thomas Addison – 1793 – 1860 – Pernicious anemia

Cell Theory  Robert Hooke – 1635 – 1703 – cell  Matthias Jacob Schleiden – 1804 – 1881 – botanist  Theodor Schwann – 1810 – 1882 – zoologist

Cell Theory Johannes Peter Müller  1801 – 1858  Berlin  Father of medical microscopy  Microscopic criteria for benign and malignant tumors  Über den Feinern Bau und die Formen der Krankhaften Geschwülste – On the Finer Structure and Form of Morbid Tumors

Cell Theory Rudolph Virchow  1821 – 1902  The greatest figure in the history of Pathology  Die Cellularpathologie  “Omnis cellula e cellula” – all cells from cells

 Herman Lebert – 1831 – 1878  Microscopic atlas

1850s  Pathology developed as a separate specialty  Medical schools, Professors of Pathology  Microscope, diagnostic histopathology, neoplasia  France – laboratories  Germany – universities

Microscope  Fresh tissue, cut by hand, unstained  Formaldehyde fixation – Isaac Blum – 1833 – 1903  Paraffin embedding – Edwin Klebs – 1834 – 1913  Microtome – Minot – 1852 – 1914  Biological stains  Hematoxalin – Franz Böhmer  Paul Ehrlich – 1854 – 1915

Anaplasia  David Von Hansemann  1858 – 1920

Grading, Carcinoma in Situ  Albert Compton Broders  1885 – 1964  Mayo Clinic

Staging  Cuthbert Esquire Dukes  1890 – 1977  St. Mark’s Hospital, London

Pap Smear  George Papanicolaou – 1883 – 1962  January, 1928 – New Cancer Diagnosis – Betterment Conference Battle Creek Michigan  1941 – The Diagnostic Value of Vaginal Smears in Carcinoma of the Uterus  1943 – Diagnosis of Uterine Cancer by the Vaginal Smear  1954 – Atlas of exfoliative Cytology