New World Experiments: England’s 17th Century Colonies Oseas Romero AP US History Stafford High School

Breaking Away Rapid social change in 17th century England English population is mobile Different motives for immigration Religious versus economic Personal: escaping bad marriages, jail sentences, or poverty Enclosure movement created a large groups of vagrants

English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution Stuart Monarchy vs. Parliament Charles I beheaded Oliver Cromwell made Lord Protector Stuarts restored with Charles II, 1660 Glorious Revolution, 1688 William and Mary Replace James II Established that monarchs must rule alongside Parliament

Stuart Monarchs

Four Colonial Subcultures Chesapeake New England Middle Colonies Carolinas These four colonial subcultures will go on to be divided into three Southern Colonies

Chesapeake Richard Hakluyt Colonies make great profit for investors Free England from dependence on rival power for valuable commodities Anti-Catholicism prompted English people to challenge Spain’s dominance in New World

Chesapeake Colonies , 1640

Virginia Joint-stock companies provided financing English stockholders in Virginia Company expected instant profits This did not happen Jamestown settled in 1607 Complete disaster, built near swamp Director competition from the expansive Powhattan tribe Colonist did not work for the common good

Everything Out of Control 1608-1609—John Smith arrives and imposes order Harsh, but keeps the survivors alive 1609—London Company reorganizes colonial government 1610—”Starving Time” ended by arrival of Lord De La Warr, fresh settlers, and martial law

Stinking Weed 1610—John Rolfe introduced tobacco Marries Pocahontas, changes her name to Rachel and dies shortly after giving birth to a son 1618—Reforms of Edwin Sandys House of Burgesses instituted for Virginia self-government Head right: 50-acre lot granted to each colonist who paid his own transportation, or for each servant brought into the colony Allowed development of huge estates

Where are the Ladies? Population increase prevented by imbalanced sex ratio 3,570 colonists to Virginia, 1619–1622 Men outnumbered women 6:1 after 1619 Creates a vagabond culture in the colonies Men are willing to pick up everything and move on every couple of years Contagious disease killed settlers 1618: Virginia population numbered 700 1618–1622: 3,000 immigrated 1622: Virginia population numbered 1,240 Indentured servants denied promised land 1622—Powhattan attack killed 347 settlers

Corruption and Reform Problems of colony blamed on greed and mismanagement of London Company 1624—King James I dissolved London Company Virginia became a royal colony House of Burgesses continued to meet Burgesses created County Courts

Maryland: A Refuge for Catholics Initiated by Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) as refuge for English Catholics 1632—Calvert’s son Cecilius (second Lord Baltimore) gained charter to Maryland Required toleration among Catholics and Protestants Wealthy Catholics unwilling to relocate in America Common settlers demanded greater voice in Maryland government Protestants refused to tolerate Catholics and seized control in 1655 Scattered riverfront settlements of poor tobacco planters

New England 1630-1640—16,000 immigrated Puritans’ view of their colony Settlers usually came as family units Area would be settled generally health Puritans’ view of their colony A City on a Hill” Success as part of covenant with God “Beacon of righteousness” to the world Church attendance required, but membership not automatic Public confession and execution of criminals Government by elected representatives responsible to God All adult male church members could vote Ministers had nor formal role and were not allowed to hold office Town was center of Puritan Life

Limits of Religious Dissent Laws and Liberties, 1648 Codified rights and responsibilities of all citizens Engendered public trust in government Kept magistrates from arbitrary rule Puritans did not tolerate religious dissent Roger Williams would object Questioned validity of colony’s charter Advocated toleration of religious beliefs Expelled to Rhode Island in 1636

Limits of Religious Dissent Anne Hutchinson Claimed that divine intervention came through the Holy Spirit and not through good works Implied that the Puritan ministers of the colonies were no better than the Church of England Questioned the views and leadership of the established Church Contradicted the expressed views of male clergymen Women were not allowed to challenge the decisions of males during this time Banished to Rhode Island in 1637

New World Colonies: The Ultimate Experiment COLONIAL STOCK PROSPECTUS – 2014 Project will be explained September 5th, 2014