GENETICS OR NOT? BY ABREISHAE’ M. MR.LEINGANG PERIOD 4

ABSTRACT I chose to do this project because I wanted to know what will happen. I believed that they would be similar. Some things that went wrong were the number of people was in the materials but not the procedure. If I redo this in the future I will change those mistakes. I learned my out come wasn’t wrong just my hypothesis was incorrect.

QUESTION ARE peoples fingerprint on every right finger the same ?

HYPOTHESIS AS I TEST A COUPLE PEOPLES RIGHT HANDS THEN I WILL FIND THEY HAVE SIMILAR FINGERPRINTS BECAUSE THERE GENETICS

MATERIALS 1)ONE INK PAD 2)TWO THICK PIECES OF PAPER 3)7 PEOPLE

VARIABLES RV- THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE PRINTS MV-THE PERSON BEING TESTED THE FINGERS BEING TESTED CV-THE INK PAD TYPE OF PAPER

Background information Before the mid-1800s, law enforcement officers with extraordinary visual memories, so-called "camera eyes," identified previously arrested offenders by sight. Photography lessened the burden on memory but was not the answer to the criminal identification problem. Personal appearances change. Around 1870, a French anthropologist devised a system to measure and record the dimensions of certain bony parts of the body. These measurements were reduced to a formula which, theoretically, would apply only to one person and would not change during his/her adult life. This Bertillon System, named after its inventor, Alphonse Bertillon, was generally accepted for thirty years. But it never recovered from the events of 1903, when a man named Will West was sentenced to the U.S. Penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas. It was discovered that there was already a prisoner at the penitentiary at the time, whose Bertillon measurements were nearly the same, and his name was William West. Upon investigation, there were indeed two men who looked exactly alike. Their names were Will and William West respectively. Their Bertillon measurements were close enough to identify them as the same person. However, a fingerprint comparison quickly and correctly identified them as two different people. (Per prison records discovered later, the West men were apparently identical twin brothers and each had a record of correspondence with the same immediate family relatives.)

Background (continued) Yes, identical twins share identical DNA, but there fingerprints are determined by the environment in the uterus. So no, identical twins do not have identical fingerprints. Every person, including identical twins, has a unique eye and tongue print along with their finger print. In fact, before the arrival of modern genetic testing, similarity of fingerprints was often used to determine whether twins were identical or fraternal. Identical twins, you'll recall, are genetic duplicates who develop from a single egg. Fraternal twins develop from separate eggs and are no more closely related than ordinary siblings, except that they spend nine months sharing an extremely small bedroom. Identical twins are identical because they have the same DNA. They have that same DNA because they come from the same fertilized egg, which splits and grows into two embryos instead of just one. Such twins are also called monozygotic twins. If DNA completely determined the structure of your body, then identical twins would be truly identical, and the answer to your question would be yes. As it happens, there are inheritable factors other than DNA (we'd need a long detour to explain them, but suffice it to say that DNA isn't everything), and the development of your body depends in part on external factors. Fingerprints form before birth, but are influenced by small differences in what the fetuses experience in uterus. Fingerprints take on more or less definite shapes around 13 weeks, and while twins will often have some matching features to their fingerprints, they won't quite have identical ones. Fingerprints offer an infallible means of personal identification. That is the essential explanation for their having supplanted other methods of establishing the identities of criminals reluctant to admit previous arrests. The science of fingerprint Identification stands out among all other forensic sciences for many reasons, including the following: Has served all governments worldwide during the past 100 years to provide accurate identification of criminals. No two fingerprints have ever been found alike in many billions of human and automated computer comparisons. Fingerprints are the very basis for criminal history foundation at every police agency.

Background Patterns of Fingerprint Fingerprint is the one part of a human being that is absolutely unique to each and every person. The patterns of fingerprint are a way to find the absolute truth of a person's identity and is an interesting phenomenon to study. Fingerprints have been used as a form of identification since the ancient times. There are some basic patterns that most fingerprints can fall under. Each person will have a Whorl, Arch, or Loop on each fingertip. The fingerprints can be divided into four generalized patterns: The Arch, Loop, Whorl and Mixed Figure. The Loops can be categorized into Right Loop, Left Loop, and Double Loop. The Arches can be categorized into Plain Arch and Tented Arch. And, the Whorls can be categorized into Spiral Whorl and Target (or the Bulls-eye) Whorl, etc. Fingerprints are basically horizontal lines running across our fingertips that are "twisted." For example, the Arch pattern has a very little "twist," the Loop has more "twist," then the Whorl is a complete "twist" resulting in a whorl. According to the statistics, Loops constitute about 65 percent of the total fingerprints patterns; Whorls make up about 30 percent, and Plain and Tented Arches together account for the other 5 percent.

Procedure 1.Take out all materials. 2.Take the first person with your assistance and place each finger one at a time carefully on ink and paper. 3.Repeat this with each Person. 4.Place prints on data chart to record Note :that we only test the right hand on the volunteers.

Data Table NamesRight thumbRight pointer Right middle Right indexRight pinky

Conclusion I thought that if I recorded the fingerprints of people then there fingers will be the same was incorrect. Our results showed that the prints are in fact patterned same but not that much not the same. We can prove this because the volunteers most have the common type and the differences were in the. This misrepresents our original hypothesis. Therefore if we next time test more people and the results will most likely change.

References on Fingerprints /are_fingerprints_of_identical_twins_identical s/handout.html ntical_twins_have_different_fingerprints