Negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns

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Negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns —Pourquoi tu n’as rien dit? © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns To negate a phrase, you typically place ne… pas around the conjugated verb. If you are negating a phrase with a compound tense such as the passé composé or the plus-queparfait, place ne… pas around the auxiliary verb. Infinitive construction Passé composé Ça ne va pas faire un scandale, j’espère. This won’t cause a scandal, I hope. La famille n’a pas fui la ville pendant la guerre. The family didn’t flee the town during the war. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns ATTENTION! When forming a question with inversion, place ne first, then any pronouns, then the verb. Place pas in last position. Ne vous êtes-vous pas consacré à la lutte contre la criminalité? Did you not dedicate yourself to the fight against crime? © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns To be more specific, use variations of ne… pas, such as ne… pas du tout and ne… pas encore. Le président n’aime pas du tout les brocolis. The president doesn’t like broccoli at all. La voleuse n’a pas encore choisi sa victime. The thief has not chosen her victim yet. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns Use non plus to mean neither or not either. Use si, instead of oui, to contradict a negative statement or question. —Je n’aime pas la violence. —I don’t like violence. —Moi non plus. —I don’t either. —Tu n’aimes pas la démocratie? —You don’t like democracy? —Mais si. —Yes, I do. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns To say neither… nor, use ne… ni… ni… Place ne before the conjugated verb or auxiliary, and ni before the word(s) it modifies. Omit the indefinite and partitive articles after ni, but use the definite article when appropriate. Il n’y a ni justice ni liberté dans une dictature. There is neither justice nor liberty under a dictatorship. Ni le juge ni l’avocat ne va juger l’accusé. Neither the judge nor the lawyer will judge the accused. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns It is also possible to combine several negative elements in one sentence. On ne fait plus jamais rien. We never do anything anymore. Personne n’a plus rien écouté. No one listened to anything anymore. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns Note how the placement of these expressions varies according to their function. More negative expressions (1 of 2) ne… aucun(e) none (not any) ne… jamais never (not ever) ne… nulle part nowhere (not anywhere) ne… personne no one (not anyone) Le congrès n’a approuvé aucune loi cette année. The congress didn’t approve any laws this year. Tu n’as jamais voté? You’ve never voted? On n’a trouvé l’arme du crime nulle part. They didn’t find the crime weapon anywhere. Personne ne peut voter; les machines sont en panne. No one can vote; the machines are broken. Ils n’ont vu personne. They didn’t see anyone. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns More negative expressions (2 of 2) ne… plus no more (not anymore) ne… que only ne… rien nothing (not anything) Il ne veut plus être analphabète. He doesn’t want to be illiterate anymore. Je n’ai parlé qu’à Mathieu. I only spoke to Mathieu. Les jurés n’ont rien décidé. The jury members haven’t decided anything. Rien ne leur fait peur. Nothing frightens them. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns ATTENTION! To negate a phrase with a partitive article, you usually replace the article with de or d’. Il y a des activistes dans la capitale. There are activists in the capital. Il n’y a pas d’activistes dans la capitale. There aren’t any activists in the capital. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns Many indefinite adjectives and pronouns can also be used in affirmative phrases. Indefinite adjectives Indefinite pronouns autre(s) other un(e) autre another certain(e)(s) certain chaque each, every single plusieurs several quelques some tel(le)(s) such (a) tout(e)/tous/toutes (les) every, all chacun(e) each one la plupart most (of them) plusieurs several (of them) quelque chose something quelques-un(e)s some, a few (of them) quelqu’un someone tous/toutes all (of them) tout everything © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns ATTENTION! Note that the final -s of tous is pronounced when it functions as a pronoun, but silent when it functions as an adjective. ________ When you wish to modify personne, rien, quelqu’un, or quelque chose, add de + [masculine singular adjective]. Ce week-end, nous ne faisons rien d’intéressant. This weekend, we aren’t doing anything interesting. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns The adjectives chaque, plusieurs, and quelques are invariable. Chaque élève a droit à des livres gratuits. Each student is entitled to free books. Plusieurs terroristes ont fui. Several terrorists fled. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns The pronouns la plupart, plusieurs, quelque chose, quelqu’un, and tout are invariable. Tout va bien au gouvernement. Everything goes well in the government. Il y a quelqu’un dehors? Is there someone outside? © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.