Department of Immunology Medical Immunology Department of Immunology Yiwei Chu ywchu@shmu.edu.cn 2010-4-19

Medical Immunology One of the six-year undergraduate professional courses Overview of the immune system, immune response and regulation, immune diseases Basic immunological theory (theory course) Immunochemical and cellular techniques (experimental course)

Textbook Textbook: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (Fifth Edition), Abul K. Abbas, Andrew H. Lichtman Reference: Immunobiology (Sixth Edition), Charles A Janeway Credit: Comprehensive evaluation combining the theory examination and the experimental report 2 reasons, 1)only one authorized for sale in china, under the special agreement with Peiking University Medical press. 2) An exceptionally lucid guide to the latest immunology concepts. Immunology is not an easy concept to digest at first, but luckily this book explains the difficult topics quite well.

Department of Immunology Established in the autumn of 1987, one of the first University Departments in the world devoted specifically to the study of the immune system. (Yale, in 1988) A strong team with rich experiences in teaching and research

Department of Immunology Rui He Xiaowu Hong Qing Lu Bo Gao Wei Xu Yiwei Chu Haifeng Gao Yunlu Lin

General Properties of Immune Responses Chapter 1 General Properties of Immune Responses

Content 1. History of Immunology 2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity 3. Adaptive Immune Responses

History of Immunology IMMUNITY ←← IMMUNIS (EXEMPT) Derived from the Latin word Protection from legal prosecution Now, in medical terms, it denotes resistance to reinfection/free of disease.

History of Immunology Plague of Athens Thucydides (430 BC) Plague of Athens “Yet it was with those who had recovered from the disease that the sick and the dying found most compassion. These knew what it was from experience, and had now no fear for themselves; for the same man was never attacked twice - never at least fatally” Resistance to re-infection-Immunity Fifth century

Define of Immunology IMMUNITY ---protection from disease (infectious disease) IMMUNE SYSTEM --- organ, cell, molecule and gene IMMUNE RESPNSE --- response to the foreign substances

Define of Immunology IMMUNE FUNCTIONS ---immune defence (infectious disease) --- immune surveillance --- immune homeostasis

Define of Immunity Immunity refers to mechanisms used by the body as protection against environmental agents that are foreign to the body Microorganisms Foods Chemicals, Drugs, Pollen etc.

History of Immunology Smallpox Smallpox is a disease caused by the Variola major virus. Smallpox spreads very easily from person to person. Symptoms are flu-like and include high fever, fatigue and headache and backache, followed by a rash with flat red sores.

History of Immunology Inhale powders made by skin lesions Smallpox inoculation or variolation is a great invention of medicine in ancient China.

History of Immunology Edward Jenner memorial hall

Preparation of smallpox History of Immunology Preparation of smallpox

History of Immunology Edward Jenner Chinese-Variolation Prophylactic measure against Smallpox 1798-Cow Pox/Vaccinia Induced Protection Against Small Pox-Vaccination 2 Centuries to Eradicate Small Pox Greatest Triumph in Modern Medicine

History of Immunology The announcement by the WHO in 1980 that smallpox was the first disease that had been eradicated worldwide by a program of vaccination

History of Immunology

History of Immunology Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) 1880 Vaccine 1881 Vaccine to Anthrax 1885 Vaccine to Rabies

Discovery of Humoral Immunity History of Immunology Discovery of Humoral Immunity 1890 von Behring and Kitasato: Filtrates from cultures of Clost. tetani can confer protection. Serotherapy Serum of vaccinated people had substances that specifically bound to the relevant pathogen (ANTIBODIES) Emil Adolf von Behring, 1854-1917 A German bacteriologist

History of Immunology 430 B.C. Thucydides People have been sicked free from illness Song dynasty A divine doctor Emei Mountain Variolation 1798 Jenner Vaccination 1880 Pasteur Attenuated chicken cholera vaccine 1890 Behring/Kitasato Antitoxin ―Humoralimmunity hypothesis 1883 Metchnikoff Endocytosis - Cytoimmunity hypothesis 1905 Pirquet/Schick Horse serum sickness (Hypersensitivity) 1945 Owen/Burnet Immune tolerance hypothesis 1959 Burnet Clonal selection hypothesis

History of Immunology

WHAT is the immune system? Complex defense system Physiological function is to Prevent infections Eradicate established infections Self/Nonself discrimination

Who has an immune system? ALL animals. Vert-Invert systems: analogous Various vert systems: homologous

Who has an immune system?

Severe Fungal Infection in a Fruit Fly.

use preformed components to non-specifically clear the agent How Does Immune System Work? foreign agent use preformed components to non-specifically clear the agent produce specific components directed against the agent

Content 1. History of Immunology 2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity 3. Adaptive Immune Responses

Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Innate and Adaptive Immunity Innate Immunity Physical and chemical barriers Phagocytic cells and NK cells Blood proteins Cytokines

Innate and Adaptive Immunity Lymphocytes and their products Antigen

Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Adaptive Immune Responses Cardinal Features Types Cellular Components Phases

Adaptive Immune Responses Types Humoral immunity Cell-mediated immunity

Types of Adaptive Immunity

How can immunity be induced in an individual? Yes (T cells)

Adaptive Immune Responses Cellular Components Cardinal Features Phases Types

Adaptive Immune Responses

Adaptive Immune Responses Phases Cellular Components Cardinal Features Types

Adaptive Immune Responses Cellular Components Lymphocytes - B, Th, CTL, NKT Antigen-presenting cells(APCs) - DC, Mj, B Effector cells - Activated T cells, mononuclear phagocytes

Adaptive Immune Responses

Adaptive Immune Responses Types Phases Cardinal Features Cellular Components

Adaptive Immune Responses Phases Recognition of antigen Activation of lymphocytes Effector phase of immune responses: Elimination of antigen Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses

Adaptive Immune Responses

Adaptive Immune Responses Recognition of antigen Activation of lymphocytes Effector phase of immune responses: Elimination of antigen Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses

Adaptive Immune Responses

Adaptive Immune Responses Recognition of antigen Activation of lymphocytes Effector phase of immune responses: Elimination of antigen Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses

Adaptive Immune Responses Antigen Microbial products or components of innate immune responses to microbes

Adaptive Immune Responses Recognition of antigen Activation of lymphocytes Effector phase of immune responses: Elimination of antigen Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses

Elimination of antigen by antibody Adaptive Immune Responses Elimination of antigen by antibody

Elimination of antigen by T cells Adaptive Immune Responses Elimination of antigen by T cells

Adaptive Immune Responses Recognition of antigen Activation of lymphocytes Effector phase of immune responses: Elimination of antigen Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses

Adaptive Immune Responses At the end of an immune respose, the immune system returns to its basal resting state,in large part because most of the progeny of antigen-stimulation lymphocytes die by apoptosis.

Behring Koch Metchnikoff Ehrlich Richet Bordet Landsteiner Theiler Bovet Burnet Medawar Porter Edelman Snell Dausset Benacerraf Jerne Tonegawa Thomas Murray Doherty Zinkernagel

Department of Immunology Thank you!