Background Sectional disputes over slavery and Westward expansion “eroded” the spirit of nationalism that followed the War of 1812 One-Party system (Democratic- Republicans) dominated until 1820’s when it began to unravel

What does “erode” mean? Wear down Eat away at Corrode

The Missouri Compromise Main Point: “The Missouri Compromise attempted to resolve, at least temporarily, the growing disagreement between Northern & Southern States over the issue of slavery”

The Era of Good Feelings Monroe’s administration –Era of good feelings Tensions- reached boiling point (1819) when Missouri applied for statehood Stirred up nation’s most divisive issue: Whether slavery should expand west free states 11 slave states

Missouri Territorial government request admission into Union as a slave state Congressman James Tallmadge, Jr. (New York) proposed a resolution that prohibited slaveholders from bringing new slaves into Missouri and all enslaved children be freed at age 25 House accepted but the Senate rejected (North for it, South against it)

Resolution Maine requested admission to the Union as a separate state (part of Massachusetts before) The Senate decided to combine Maine and Missouri’s requests of admission to the Union as separate states Maine –a free state Missouri- a slave state This solution “preserved” balance in the Senate

Senator Jesse Thomas (Illinois) proposed an amendment Prohibit slavery north of Missouri’s southern border This allowed slavery to expand to Arkansas territory (South of Missouri) keep slavery out of the rest of the Louisiana Purchase “Carefully managed” by Henry Clay (Kentucky), the house voted to accept the Compromise

A New Issue Pro-slavery members of the Missouri constitutional convention added a clause that suggested prohibiting free African Americans from entering the state This threatened Missouri’s approval to the Union Henry Clay created a solution by “getting the Missouri legislature to state they would not honor the spirit of the clause’s wording”

Looking Forward Many were afraid the Missouri Compromise was only a temporary solution John Quincy Adams wrote “I take for granted, that the present question is a mere preamble- a title page to a great tragic volume” What is he saying? Compromise just pushes off the future debate over slavery

The Elections of 1824 and 1828 These elections demonstrated the growing sectionalism in the country Democratic-Republican had members all over at this time These elections would prove the party was “torn along regional lines”

“Favorite Sons” Four candidates in 1824 election All Republican party members All favorite sons- “Men who enjoyed the support of leaders from their own state and region”

The Candidates Henry Clay-Kentucky (represented the West) Andrew Jackson-Tennessee (represented the West) John Quincy Adams- Massachusetts (Represented New England) William Crawford-Georgia (represented the South)

Jefferson’s Principles Crawford ran on Jefferson’s ideas: State’s rights Strict interpretation of the Constitution

The American System Clay Favored The national bank The protective tariff And nationwide internal improvements These were collectively part of the American System as it would be called

Jackson Jackson avoided taking a stand on specific issues Focused on and emphasized his “leadership qualities” and heroism at New Orleans

Election Day Jackson won most Popular Votes But, nobody won the majority of electoral college votes Constitutional procedure –election goes to the house Select president from one of the three who gained the most electoral votes Clay came in fourth (eliminated)

Clay’s Role Henry Clay was Speaker of the House (Tremendous influence) Clay and Jackson political rivals for power in the West February 9, 1825 the representatives met to choose Clay threw support behind Adams

Jackson you’re “ignorant, passionate, [and] corrupt” Clay you’re the “the meanest scoundrel that ever disgraced the image of [my] god”

Corrupt Bargain???? Adams won by a lot Some Jackson supporters accused Clay of arranging votes for Adams in return for a cabinet post When president, Adams named Clay Secretary of State (cabinet position) Jackson’s supporters accused Adams and Clay of striking a “corrupt bargain”

A Divide in the Party This incident created a split in the Democratic- Republican party Jackson’s supporters called themselves the Democrats Henry Clay and his supporters called themselves the National Republicans

Adams Takes Office Adams announced to Congress, a program of nationalist legislation that exceeded even Clay’s American System

What was Clay’s American System? Clay Favored The national bank The protective tariff And nationwide internal improvements These were collectively part of the American System as it would be called What is “nationalist legislation”? Laws designed for the nation as a whole

Adams Internal improvements Adams wanted “federal revenue to be used to build a national university and observatories, and to fund scientific research” What is an observatory? “A room or building housing a telescope or other scientific equipment for the study of natural phenomena”

Adams Congress granted him funds to improve harbors, rivers, and extend the national road further west This was much less than what he wanted Repeated rejection he got from Congress set the stage for his defeat in 1828

Election of 1828 (Rematch) John Quincy Adams vs. Andrew Jackson Both candidates engaged in “mudslinging” What does this mean? “criticize each other’s personalities and morals”

Adams Attack Adams called Jackson: “incompetent both by [your] ignorance and by the fury of his passions”

Jackson’s Defense Portrayed himself as the candidate for the common man and “attacked Adams as an out-of-touch aristocrat What is an aristocrat? A member of a ruling class or of the nobility

Jackson’s Defense Jackson also mentioned again and again that Adams was untrustworthy because of the alleged “corrupt bargain”

Results Jackson clear victory Won the popular vote easily Won the Electoral college easily “Old Hickory” as he was nicknamed reached the White House