Compound Adjectives Cleft Sentences Language Focus Compound Adjectives Cleft Sentences

Compound Adjectives A compound adjective can be formed by many ways: Adjective + noun + -ed. e.g. absent-minded, cool-headed. Adverb + past participle. e.g. well-known, highly respected. Adjective/ adverb + present participle. e.g. easy-going, good-looking.

Practice: Combine the words from the boxes to create compound adjectives: absent cold cool fast forward kind open warm well dressed educated headed hearted known looking minded regarded thinking

Answer key: Absent-minded Kind-hearted Well-known Open-minded Warm-hearted Well-regarded Cool-headed Well-dressed Fast-thinking Cold-headed Well-educated Forward-looking

Cleft Sentences Cleft sentences are used to emphasize particular words and expressions. They are useful in writing ( because we cannot use intonation for emphasis in writen language), but they are also common in speech.

Cleft Sentences We can use these expressions to emphasize a place, time, or reason. E.g. Mary kept a pig IN THE GARDEN SHED. =>The garden shed was the place where Mary kept a pig. =>The place where Mary kept a pig was the garden shed.

Cleft Sentences =>What Mary kept in the garden shed was a pig. The words to be emphasized are joined to the relative clause by is / was and an expression like the person who, or what. We can put the word to be emphasized first or last in the sentence. E.g. MARY kept a pig in the garden shed. => Mary was the person who kept a pig in the garden shed. => The person who kept a pig in the garden shed was Mary. Mary kept A PIG in the garden shed => A pig was what Mary kept in the garden shed. =>What Mary kept in the garden shed was a pig.

Cleft Sentences We can use cleft sentence to emphasize a verb or an expression beginning with a verb. E.g: He screamed. => What he did was (to) scream.

Cleft Sentences Use to emphasize the whole sentence E.g. The car broke down. => What happened was (that) the car broke down.

Cleft Sentences Other structures All ( that ), and expressions with thing, can be used in cleft sentences. Eg:All I want is home somewhere. The only thing I remember is a terrible pain in my head. Time expressions can be emphasized with It was not until… and it was only when… E.g. It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness. It was only when I read her letter that I realized what was happening.

Practice Cleft Sentences Using cleft sentences to emphasize the given cues. 1. A: What kind of TV programs do children like most? ( the animated cartoons) B: It is the animated cartoons that children like most. 2. A: Who asked the Mughal Emperor of India to build the Taj Mahal? (his dying wife) B: It was his dying wife that asked him to build the Taj Mahal.

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