UNIT III BUILDING TYPES Syllabus: Residential, institutional, commercial and Industrial – Application of anthropometry and space standards-Inter relationships of functions – Safety standards – Building rules and regulations – Integration of building services – Interior design

Residential building Residence: A residence is a space which provides the basic shelter to man. Site planning: The site analysed for existing site conditions soil, vegetation, water supply, sewage, electric line, site drainage.

Set back: For the better usage of the residential building the following set back rules have to be followed. 3’ 5’ 10’

Site entry Depending on the site location the entry should be properly planned for better vehicular and pedestrian movement. General Requirements Before starting the actual design the requirements of the project have to be identified - living, dining, kitchen/store/wash or work area, pooja, bed with toilet or common toilet, sitout/verandah,carpark.

Design concept The idea with which the design has to be worked out should ultimately aim at a comfortable house to live in.

Living study Sit out Pedestri an entry Car park Vehicular entry dining kitchen wash store Master bed toilet Common toilet Child bed toilet Inter relationship of functions

Anthropometry is the study of the dimensions and abilities of the human body. Static anthropometry is the measurement of body sizes at rest Functional anthropometry is the measurement of abilities related to completing tasks. In the case of wheeled mobility, static anthropometry includes measurement of people and their devices.

The study of human body measurements on a comparative basis is known as anthropometrics. Its applicability to the design process is physical fit, or interface, between the human body and the various components of interior space.

A building code, or building control, is a set of rules that specify the minimum acceptable level of safety for constructed objects such as buildings and non building structures. The main purpose of building codes are to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures. The building code becomes law of a particular jurisdiction when formally enacted by the appropriate authority.

Building Rules and Regulations The minimum internal height of work rooms shall not be less than 4.5 mt. In case of small factories, employing less than 50 workers the authority may allow minimum height upto 3.66 mt. No exit shall be less than 1.2 mt. in width and 2.1 mt. in height and doors of such exit shall be so arrange that it can be opened easily from inside.

No staircase, lobby corridors or passage shall be less than 1.2 mt. in width. Each person employed in any room of factory at least 3.5 sq.mt. of the floor space exclusive of that occupied by the machinery and a breathing space of at least 15 cum.

EDUCATIONAL BUILDING (SCHOOL/COLLEGES ) No basement shall be designed, constructed, altered, converted or used for the purpose of study or instruction. Every such building, exceeding two storeys in height shall be constructed of fire resisting material throughout.

The minimum size of study room or room used for purposes of instruction shall be 5.5 mt. x 4.5 mt. and no part of such room shall be distant more than 7.5 mt. from an external wall abutting on the requisite open space. Every such room shall have minimum ventilation to the extent of 1/5th of its floor area. A minimum of 1.0 sq.mt. of net floor space per student shall be provided

Every assembly room, gymnasium shall have a clear height of 3.6 mt. except under a girder which may project 0.6mt. below the required ceiling height. A clear internal height under balcony or a girder shall not be less than 3.0 mt. A minimum room height for classroom in all schools and other institutions shall not be less than 3.0mt. The minimum head room under beams shall be 2.75 mt. No door shall be less than 1.2 mt. in width and 2.20 mt. in height.

ASSEMBLY BUILDING (CINEMA, THEATERS, ETC.) The relevant provisions of the cinematographic Rules/Acts of the particular States and IS: 4878 code for construction of Cinema Building shall apply for planning, design and construction of Cinema Building. Road - Front Setback National Highway(90m) - 60 m Provincial Highway (60 m)- 37m Major Urban Road (30 m)- 22m Village Road (18 m) - 13mt.

Space Planning a) There should be a minimum distance of 6.0 mt. between sheds in the farm. b) The minimum distance of any farm building from the property line should be 4.5 mt. c) The minimum distance of any farm shed or farm building from the dwelling unit should be 7.5 mt.

Farm Shed Shed should be constructed on pillars with walls on two longer sides not higher than 1.2 m. The remaining height of the farm sheds in respect of two longer side walls can be covered with netting or other similar materials. The maximum height of the roof of the farm shed shall not exceed 6.0 mt.

Interior Design Interior design is a multi–faceted profession in which creative and technical solutions are applied within a structure to achieve a built interior environment. The interior design process follows a systematic and coordinated methodology, including research, analysis, and integration of knowledge into the creative process, whereby the needs and resources of the client are satisfied to produce an interior space that fulfills the project goals.