PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA PUBLIC POLICY SAM LEWANDO

Outline  Pollution  One Child Policy  Re-Education  Censorship  Others

Pollution  500 million in China without clean drinking water  1% of the population of city dwellers (560 million total) breath air considered clean by the EU.  16 of the 20 most polluted cities in the world  Outdoor pollution accounted for the death of 1.2 million in 2010

Pollution Causes  Corruption, growth and underdeveloped infrastructure  Corrupt local government  Huge population and economic growth  People migrating west to east

Pollution & Government Effort  Ministry of the Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China replaced State Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) in Led by Zhou Shengxian  Environmental Protection Leadership Group upgraded to ministry-level agency to become SEPA in 1998  $280 Billion over the next five years to be invested into environmental protection  Over the next five years, China will use as much coal as the rest of the world combined

Re-Education Through Physical Labor  Part of laogai system of prison camps  Average sentence from 1-3 years  Government was able to send prisoners to jail for up to 4 years without a trial.  Some labor camps being turned into drug rehabilitation centers.

One Child Policy

 Intended to produce a generation of “high-quality” people.  Limits children to one in urban areas and two in rural areas  Policy tools  Fines  Preferential treatment

Exceptions  Urban areas enforced heavily, rural areas lenient  Ethnic minority exceptions  Tibetans have no limit  Ethnic minorities have higher limit

Effects of the Policy  Chinese declared it has prevented 400 million births  Population growth rate is 0.49%  “Spoiled singlets”  Female infanticide and gender imbalance

Censorship  Taking down sites and blocking information  Run by Ministry of Public Security of the PRC  Golden Shield Project and Intranet  “Great Firewall of China”  Economic consequences and insularity

South China Sea Territorial Disputes  Disputes between China and other countries over small islands  Estimates for resources in area range up to $20 trillion  Chinese aggression & Exclusive Economic Zone

Currency Devaluation  Devaluation means cheap exports  Grows economy at expense of citizens  Insular banking system

Activity: Censorship No unit or individual may use the Internet to create, replicate, retrieve, or transmit the following kinds of information: 1. Inciting to resist or breaking the Constitution or laws or the implementation of administrative regulations; 2. Inciting to overthrow the government or the socialist system; 3. Inciting division of the country, harming national unification; 4. Inciting hatred or discrimination among nationalities or harming the unity of the nationalities; 5. Making falsehoods or distorting the truth, spreading rumors, destroying the order of society; 6. Promoting feudal superstitions, sexually suggestive material, gambling, violence, murder; 7. Terrorism or inciting others to criminal activity; openly insulting other people or distorting the truth to slander people; 8. Injuring the reputation of state organizations; 9. Other activities against the Constitution, laws or administrative regulations.