Gender And Age Gender And Age An Introduction To Sociolinguistics

GENDER AND AGE CHAPTER : 7 Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities Gender-preferential speech features: Social dialect research Gender and social class Explanation of woman’s linguistic behavior Age-graded features of speech Age and social dialect data Age grading and language change

FL: “Desano” FL: “Tuyuka” “Desano” “Tuyuka” “Tuyuka” Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities FL: “Desano” FL: “Tuyuka” “Desano” “Tuyuka” “Tuyuka” Tayana Tatyana's Husband 1

≠ Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities WOMAN (SPEAK) WOMAN MEN 2

Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities A B C D E F 3

[k3a’tsa] [kja’tsa] “BREAD” Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities MORPHOLOGY [k3a’tsa] [kja’tsa] “BREAD” 4

Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities BISEXUAL

Add by suffixes or affixes Pronunciation or word-shape (morphology). Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities Different Language Add by suffixes or affixes Pronunciation or word-shape (morphology). Sample 1: Japanese ; Woman’s form Men’s form Otoosan Oyaji = Father Sample 2: Yana ; Woman’s form Men’s form Ba Ba - na = Deer

(Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities) It mean some forms are used only by woman and other Are used only by men. back

= Gender-preferential speech features: Social dialect research Western Community =

Frequencies Gender-preferential speech features: Social dialect research Western Community Frequencies SWIMMING TYPING Much : Ing Fewer : In Much : In Fewer : Ing

= Gender-preferential speech features: Social dialect research Western Community SWIMMIN TypIN SWIMMIN TypIN SWIMMIN TypIN SWIMMING TypiING SWIMMIN TypIN = SWIMMING TypiING SWIMMIN TypIN SWIMMING TypiING SWIMMING TypiING SWIMMING TypiING

Woman tend to use more of standard forms than men do Gender-preferential speech features: Social dialect research Montreal, French = Men more often delete [I] than woman. Sydney = Men more often pronounce the initial sound thing as [f] than woman. Woman tend to use more of standard forms than men do back

Gender Social class Men = Vernacular Woman = Linguistics Form back

Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior The social status explanation (Worked) = Standard form (Not Worked) = Vernacular

Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior Woman’s rules as guardian of society’s values Make Misbehavior (TOLERATED) Make Misbehavior (QUICKLY CORRECTED)

Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior “Syntax” “Morphology”

Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior Vernacular, Relaxed, Informal

Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior Subordinate groups must be polite

Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior Vernacular forms express machismo (Macho Connotation of masculinity & toughness) back

Age-graded features of speech Lower Pitch (masculine) Higher Pitch back

Age and social dialect data More Standard Vernacular back

Age grading and language change Often Seldom back