CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS THE 6 KINGDOMS

What are the 6 Kingdoms? Archaebacteria Bacteria (Eubacteria) Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Kingdom Bacteria Where are bacteria found? Fun Facts Members of this kingdom are found in soil, water, and other living things Fun Facts Bacteria are believed to have been living on Earth for more than 3.5. billion years This kingdom has more individuals in it than all the other kingdoms combined A handful of dirt contains trillions of bacteria

Kingdom Bacteria Prokaryotic All bacteria are single celled organisms that do not have a nucleus! What do we call organisms with these characteristics? Bacteria have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan. Prokaryotic

Genetic material Cell Membrane

Kingdom Bacteria Some bacteria move with the help of flagellum. Most bacteria cannot move on their own. They are carried from place to place by the air, water currents, objects or other methods.

Kingdom Bacteria Bacteria can be one of three main shapes. Rod-shaped (bacilli) Spherical-shaped ( cocci) Spiral-shaped (spirilla)

Kingdom Bacteria Different types of bacteria are classified by how they get their food Autotrophic—make their own food using the energy from the sunlight (most of these bacteria are green) or they use energy from chemicals in their environment Heterotrophic—eat other organisms or the food that other organisms make Decomposers—feed on dead organisms

Kingdom Bacteria Reproduce by Binary Fission Binary Fission is reproduction where one bacteria duplicates its genetic material and then splits into 2 separate cells Binary Fission is a type of asexual reproduction where the new cell is identical to the parent

Kingdom Bacteria Some bacteria reproduce sexually through conjugation Two parents One bacterium transfers some of its genetic material to another bacterium Offspring are genetically different from parents

Kingdom Bacteria When conditions are unfavorable for growth bacteria can form endospores. An endospore is a dormant, tough, non-reproductive structure produced by a small number of bacteria The primary function of most endospores is to ensure the survival of a bacterium through periods of environmental stress. They are therefore resistant to ultraviolet and gamma radiation, desiccation, lysozyme, temperature, starvation, and chemical disinfectants. Endospores are commonly found in soil and water, where they may survive for long periods of time

Kingdom Bacteria Role in nature 99% of bacteria are not harmful to humans Some bacteria can use the sun’s energy to make their own food. Bacteria help produce foods such as cheese, apple cider, and sauerkraut. Bacteria cause food to spoil

Kingdom Bacteria Role in Nature cont. Some are decomposers which break down large chemicals into smaller ones Some can even clean up oil spills and gasoline leaks

Can Bacteria Help US? Bacteria help us Digest food Make vitamins Prevent harmful bacteria from attaching to the intestines They even help people with diabetes! Insulin-making bacteria are grown in labs and the insulin they produce is made into medicine.

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Kingdom Archaebacteria Where are archaea found? Most organisms in this kingdom are found in extreme environments, such as hot springs Can be found in ponds and swamps Most archaea prefer environments with little or no oxygen

Kingdom Archaebacteria All archaea are prokaryotic organisms They reproduce using binary fission

Kingdom Archaebacteria There are 3 main types of archaea Heat Lovers—live in extremely hot water like that found in ocean vents and hot springs Salt Lovers-- live in environments with high levels of salt (ex. Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake) Methane Makers—live in swamps and animal intestines; give off methane gases

Bacteria vs. Archaebacteria Archaea are very different from bacteria Not all archaea have cell walls like bacteria When an archaea does have a cell wall, it is chemically different from that of a bacteria—it does not contain peptidoglycan