Observations, Inferences, and The Big Bang Theory

Observations Use the senses to gather information Noting and recording of facts Example: There are 12 tables in the room.

Inferences Interpretations of observations (facts) based on prior knowledge and experience Example: When you entered the room, you most likely inferred that the person in the front of the room was the teacher.

In laboratory exercises… Record observations NOT inferences. Inferences may be used when writing your conclusion

Observations  Inferences An observation may lead you to make an inference Example: You observe that a glass of juice left uncovered will spoil. You infer that something in the air is causing it to spoil. Can you gather evidence to support this?

Inferences  Hypothesis You inferred that something in the air was getting into the juice. Your hypothesis must be tested and have a measureable outcome. How can you test your claim? What will you observe to measure? Will your measurement be qualitative (sensory) or quantitative (numerical)?

A hypothesis is supported or disproved… A hypothesis cannot be proved. It can have observations that support or disprove it. Observations may lead to a different conclusion.

What is a scientific theory? A collection of many hypotheses that have been supported by observations in many experiments over a long period of time. Can be refined and strengthened over time.

What is a scientific law? A rule to explain observations that are absolute, universal, and true all of the time. Objects always fall towards earth. Matter cannot be created nor destroyed. Energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

What’s the difference? Simply… A law is an observation (fact). A theory is an explanation of why something happens.