Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy center Dr. Brian Fabien Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center University of Washington

Wave Energy can be captured from offshore, near shore, and shore based locations. It is driven by wind blowing over water creating waves from which energy is captured. Tidal Energy can be captured from the ebb and flow of tides, thus the tidal devices change orientation with the tide. It is driven by the gravity of the moon and sun and can be predicted efficiently (better than wind and solar technologies). Current Energy can capture the energy from moving ocean, tidal or river currents. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) uses the ocean’s natural thermal gradient to drive a power-producing cycle. Wave Energy Tidal EnergyCurrent EnergyOTEC Ocean Power Technologies PowerBuoy Verdant Power Free Flow System Turbines ECOMERIT - Aquantis Gulf Stream CurrentTurbine OTEC Design Model Marine and Hydrokinetic Technologies

NNMREC Overview NNMREC Faculty and Students - May 2011 Meeting  University of Washington  Co-Director: Dr. Brian Polagye  Tidal energy focus  Oregon State University  Director: Dr. Belinda Batten  Wave energy focus

National Marine Renewable Energy Centers Hawaii National Marine Renewable Energy Center (HINMREC) University of Hawaii Wave, OTEC Southeast National Marine Renewable Energy Center (SNMREC) Florida Atlantic University Ocean Current, OTEC Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) University of Washington Oregon State University

NNMREC Objectives  Develop a full range of capabilities to facilitate the responsible development of marine renewable energy  Close key gaps in understanding  Inform regulatory and policy decisions  Educate the first generation of marine renewable energy engineers and scientists in the United States

Research Areas Technical Testing / Demonstration Wave Forecasting Survivability / Reliability Advanced Materials Device / Array Optimization Environmental Sediment Transport Marine Mammals Benthic Ecosystems EMF and Acoustics Site Characterization Socio-economic Fisheries / Crabbing Outreach / Engagement Existing Ocean Users Local / Oregon Economy

Test Facility Progression Columbia Power Technologies 1:15 scale Tsunami Wave Basin 49 m x 26.5 m x 2.1 m Long Wave Fume 104 m x 3.7 m x 4.6 m Columbia Power Technologies 1:7 scale Puget Sound, WA Newport, OR TRL 4-5 TRL 5-6 TRL 7-9 Ocean Sentinel

 Permitted Open-Ocean Test Site  Year-round availability

Pacific Marine Energy Center (PMEC)  Shore-side infrastructure  Bury cable to test site  Four test berths – one with capacity for up to three devices  Initial $4 M grant from DOE to develop facility and essential infrastructure PMEC Conceptual Layout

Instrumentation for Characterization Infrared Detection of Marine Mammals Pre-Installation Characterization Sea Spider Package SWIFT Buoy Post-Installation Characterization Adaptable Monitoring Package

Performance and Effects Modeling Tidal Turbine Performance Tidal Turbine Wakes Effect of Wave Array Numerical Modeling Field and Laboratory Measurements

Advanced Materials Composite Aging Biofouling Foul Release Coatings Corrosion

Device presence: Static effects Device presence: Dynamic effects Chemical effects Acoustic effects Electromagnetic effects Energy removal Cumulative effects Physical environment: Near-field Physical environment: Far-field Habitat Invertebrates Fish: Migratory Fish: Resident Marine mammals Seabirds Ecosystem interactions Prioritization of Environmental Research Polagye, B., B. Van Cleve, A. Copping, and K. Kirkendall (eds), (2011) Environmental effects of tidal energy development. Potential Significance Low Moderate High Scientific Uncertainty Low Moderate High

Monitoring Static and Dynamic Effects Stereo Optical-Acoustical Camera System Joslin, J., B. Polagye, and S. Parker-Stetter (2012) Development of a stereo camera system for monitoring hydrokinetic turbines, MTS/IEEE Oceans 2012, Hampton Roads, VA, October

Marine Renewable Energy Observatories? Snohomish Public Utility District Pilot Project (Puget Sound, Admiralty Inlet)  Tidal energy projects as observing nodes? —Opportunity to expand networks into harsher environments without large investments  Potential to leverage best practices and existing capabilities Two (200 ton) nodes on the seabed with 8+ fiber optic channels to shore and 2 kW available power for instrumentation

Estuarine Circulation Modeling Average Condition without TurbinesChanges due to Turbines  Idealized, high-resolution model of an estuary-fjord- ocean system is used to study effect of turbine array placement over the fjord sill  Turbine array enhances turbulent mixing over the sill, leading to local enhancement of exchange circulation

Tidal Energy Sustainability Large-Scale Tidal Energy Generation Scenario EnvironmentalTechnicalSocial Scenario Parameters Metrics for Scenario Analysis Scenario Analysis Sustainable Large-Scale Tidal Energy Generation Scenario Engineering Options Site-specific Context and Values Basic and Applied Research Topics

Thank You This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy.  For further information on activities at OSU: — Belinda Batten, Director, Oregon State University — —  For further information on activities at UW: — Brian Polagye, co-Director, University of Washington — —