McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 16: The Urinary System

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Learning Outcomes Describe the parts of the urinary system and discuss the function of each part. Identify the parts of the urinary system, the function of each part, and word building. Identify and understand the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing and treating disorders of the urinary system. Define the major pathological conditions of the urinary system. Define the surgical terms related to the urinary system. Recognize common pharmacological agents used in treating disorders of the urinary system.

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Structure / Function Urinary System Renal System /Excretory System Maintains water balance Removes waste products Urology = Ur(o) urinary + ology study of

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Function / Structure Composed of Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary bladder, and Urethra Two kidneys (nephr(o)- posterior mid trunk Filter toxins/ substances / creates urine Two ureters (ureter(o)-carries urine Urinary bladder (cysto)- stores urine Urethra (urethro(o) – removes urine

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Urinary System

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Major Word Parts cali(o), calic(o)calix cyst(o)bladder glomerul(o)glomerulus meat(o)meatus nephr(o)kidney pyel(o)renal pelvis ren(o)kidney trigon(o)trigone

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Major Word Parts ur(o), urin(o)urine ureter(o)ureter urethr(o)urethra -uriaof urine vesic(o)bladder cali(o), calic(o)calix cyst(o)glomerulus meat(o)meatus nephr(o)kidney

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Parts: The Kidneys Bean shaped organ Mid to lower back Filtering the blood Regulate fluids Kidney = Nephr(o) Test /Procedure = Ren(o)

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Kidneys

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Blood Pressure/Kidneys Homeostasis (equilibrium) Balance salts, sugars, and water Two control mechanisms Automatic dilating /constricting of the arterioles Release of renin Affects on blood pressure

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Water Balance

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Ureters, Bladder, Urethra Ureters -ureter(o) - 22 cm long tubes extend from kidney to bladder Urinary bladder – cyst(o) – sac like structure sits in the pelvis, muscular for forcing urine out Urethra – urethr(o) - extends from bladder to the meatus (controls release)

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Prostate Gland Urinary system is the same for both sexes with the exception of the prostate gland Only in males, connecting urethra and ejaculatory duct Prostate = prostat(o)

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Ureters, Bladder, Urethra

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Cystitis vs Pyelonephritis Cystitis superficial infection dysuria, urgency, frequency Intracellular, biofilm like pods Pyelonephritis invasion of kidney, +/- bloodstream Fever, chill, flank pain, tenderness, increase WBC

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Diagnostic, Procedural, Lab Test Urinalysis used to diagnose many urinary disorders, conditions, symptoms, and diseases Look at urine sample by microscope or machine Urine sterile in body sample should remain sterile “Clean catch” not sterile, but used

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Urinalysis Report

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Foley Catheter

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Condom Catheter

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Imaging Tests KUB = Kidney/Ureters/Bladder – diagnostic radiologic exam Shows abdominal organs Ultrasound U/S = Sounds waves used to visualize the organs Patients are asked to drink lots of water prior to U/S, sound travels better through fluid

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Peritoneal Dialysis

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Programmed Review cystoscopy cystoscope kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) retrograde pyelogram (RP) voiding (urinating) cystourethrogram (VCU, VCUG)

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Wave Lithotripsy

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Pathological Terms Used to assign a disease to symptoms and findings Many abbreviations used in place of longer medical terms UTI = Urinary Tract Infection

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Surgical Terms Urologists perform surgical procedures to correct, remove, or reconstruct organs and tissue to improve function, and quality of life

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Resected Kidney

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Pharmacological Terms antispasmodic diuretic antihypertensive (ACE inhibitor) antibiotics anticholinergics

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter Review Describe the parts of the urinary system and discuss the function of each part. Identify the parts of the urinary system, the function of each part, and word building. Identify and understand the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing and treating disorders of the urinary system. Define the major pathological conditions of the urinary system. Define the surgical terms related to the urinary system. Recognize common pharmacological agents used in treating disorders of the urinary system.