MONDAY, APRIL 8 TH BELL-RINGER: PLEASE TURN IN YOUR CH. 24 GUIDED READING AND PICK UP A VOCAB CROSSWORD WORKSHEET FROM THE FRONT TABLE. TAKE THE FIRST 15 MINUTES OF CLASS TO COMPLETE THE PUZZLE.

DAILY AGENDA: Bell-Ringer: Vocabulary Crossword Review Word of the Day  trite Lecture: The Gunpowder Empires Review Quiz Homework: Read Chapter 24 and complete Guided Reading worksheet.

TRITE – CLICHÉD; UNORIGINAL What are the first words that come to mind when you think of former American Idol judge Paula Abdul? Most viewers remember Paula as the “nice” and affable judge who always said something positive about every contestant. Although Paul was nice, her comments were TRITE, banal, and hackneyed. According to platitudinous Paula, every singer was “great,” “beautiful,” and “amazing.” While Simon Cowell stung would-be singers with his caustic barbs, platitudinous Paula encouraged them with pleasant but insipid compliments like “you’re authentic,” “America loves you,” and “your journey of magic is just beginning.” She continues to be just as TRITE on Simon Cowell’s new TV show X-Factor.

Can you think of any other TRITE sayings?

WERE ALL GUNPOWDER EMPIRES ALIKE? Safavid: Shi’ite, spoke Persian, “Hidden Imam” and Twelver Shi’ism, no navy Mughal: Thriving manufacturing, no navy, strove for social harmony, internal political decentralization

WHAT WERE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF A LAND-BASED EMPIRE VS. A MARITIME EMPIRE? Advantages: More centralization of rule, easier to keep your people unified, requires no navy, guarantees adequate agricultural production Disadvantages: Removed from world trade, lacked access to new markets and resources, lacked navy (continued dependence on old military standards)

WOMEN AND POLITICS Women officially banned from political activity But tradition of revering mothers, first wives from Chinggis Khan Süleyman the Magnificent defers to concubine Hürrem Sultana Originally Roxelana, Ukrainian woman Convinces husband to murder eldest son in favor of her own child ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8

AGRICULTURE AND TRADE American crops effect less dramatic change in Muslim empires Coffee, tobacco important Initial opposition from conservative circles, fearing lax morality of coffee houses Population growth also reflects territorial additions and losses Trade with English East India Company, French East India Company, and Dutch VOC ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 9

RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY Ottoman empire: Christians, Jews Safavid empire: Zoroastrians, Jews, Christians Mughal empire: Hindus, Jains, Zoroastrians, Christians, Sikhs Mughal Akbar most tolerant Received Jesuits politely, but resented Christian exclusivity Enthusiastic about syncretic Sikhism, self-serving “divine faith” ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10

STATUS OF RELIGIOUS MINORITIES Non-Muslim protected people: dhimmi Payment of special tax: jizya Freedom of worship, property, legal affairs Ottoman communities: millet system of self- administration Mughal rule: Muslims supreme, but work in tandem with Hindus Under Akbar, jizya abolished Reaction under Aurangzeb ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 11

CAPITAL CITIES Istanbul cultural capital of Ottoman empire, massive monumental architecture Rededication of Hagia Sofia church as Aya Sofya mosque Isfahan major Persian city Akbar builds magnificent Fatehpur Sikri Chooses site without sufficient water supply, abandoned Taj Mahal example of Mughal architecture ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 12

DETERIORATION OF IMPERIAL LEADERSHIP Ottoman princes become lazy through luxury Selim the Sot (r ), Ibrahim the Crazy (r ) Attempts to isolate them compounds the problem Religious tensions between conservatives and liberals intensify Role of women Wahhabi movement in Arabia denounces Ottomans as unfit to rule Force destruction of observatory, printing press Safavid Shiites persecute Sunnis, non-Muslims, and even Sufis ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 13

ECONOMIC AND MILITARY DECLINE Foreign trade controlled by Europeans Military, administrative network expensive to maintain Janissaries mutiny when paid with debased coinage, 1589; other revolts follow Unproductive wars European military technology advances faster than Ottomans can purchase it ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 14

CULTURAL CONSERVATISM Europeans actively studying Islamic cultures for purposes of trade, missionary activities Islamic empires less interested in outside world Swiftly fell behind in technological development E.g. Jews from Spain establish first printing press in Anatolia in late fifteenth century But printing of books in Turkish and Arabic forbidden until 1729 Handwritten books preferred, but weak levels of dissemination ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 15

WAS THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE MORE ASIAN OR EUROPEAN? Asian: Primarily Muslims, but open to other religions; utilized a large bureaucracy; reliance on land based trade. European: Tulip period featured European styles and tastes.

USING YOUR NOTES, PLEASE COMPLETE THE QUIZ. TURN IT IN TO MR. NARUTA WHEN YOU ARE FINISHED. REVIEW QUIZ

PARTNER PRE-WRITE: Working with the partner of your choice, complete the essay pre-write provided. First, list any specific factual information that you can in the chart provided. These constitute the supporting details you would discuss in your essay. Next, formulate a acceptable thesis answering the prompt provided. Make sure you have AT LEAST TWO details listed in each box.

PLEASE COMPLETE A TRF FORM FOR TOMORROW. HOMEWORK: