Chapter 7 States of Consciousness

Sleep and Dreams Consciousness Consciousness Awareness of ourselves and our environment Awareness of ourselves and our environment Circadian Rhythm Circadian Rhythm Sleep Stages Sleep Stages Sleep Stages Sleep Stages REM REM REM –Paradoxical sleep –Sleep Deprivation Sleep DeprivationSleep Deprivation Immunosuppresion Immunosuppresion

Dreams & Hypnosis Dreams Dreams –Freud –Manifest vs. Latent Content –Information Processing Approach –Activation Synthesis Theory  Info from brainstem –R.E.M. Rebound Hypnosis Hypnosis –What is it? –A state of heightened suggestibility –Does it work?  Divided Consciousness Theory vs. Social Influence Theory  Pain  Post-Hypnotic Suggestion

Sleep Disorders Insomnia Insomnia –Nonsomnia Sleep Apnea Sleep Apnea Night Terrors Night Terrors Sleepwalking Sleepwalking –Somnambulation Narcolepsy Narcolepsy Narcolepsy

Drugs and Consciousness Drugs aren’t that addictive, You don’t need therapy to overcome addiction and there is no excuse... Drugs aren’t that addictive, You don’t need therapy to overcome addiction and there is no excuse... Categories Categories –Depressants –Stimulants –Hallucinogens

Depressants Alcohol Alcohol –Lowers inhibitions Expectation effects Expectation effects –Effects the formation of long term memory Barbiturates Barbiturates Tranquilizers Tranquilizers –Similar effects to alcohol Opiates Opiates Opium, morphine, heroin Opium, morphine, heroin –Effects endorphins

Stimulants Caffeine Caffeine Nicotine Nicotine Amphetamines Amphetamines –Methamphetamine (Speed, Crank, Ice) Cocaine Cocaine 3% of population 3% of population “rush” & “crash” “rush” & “crash” –Depletes Dopamine, Serotonin and Norepinephrine

Hallucinogens PCP (Angel Dust) PCP (Angel Dust) LSD (Acid) LSD (Acid) –serotonin Marijuana Marijuana –THC Stay in body for a month or more Stay in body for a month or more