How Autism Affects Communication Contemporary Health II Spring 2014

What is Autism? “Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of developmental disabilities that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges” (CDC, Autism Spectrum Disorder, para.1, 2014).

How Common is Autism? ASD affects over 2 million individuals in the U.S. Rates have increased from 10 to 17 percent annually in recent years Rates have increased from 10 to 17 percent annually in recent years 1 out of 42 boys and 1 in 189 girls are diagnosed with autism in the United states

Signs and Symptoms Avoid eye contact Want to be alone Not responding to their name Have trouble talking about their own feelings Have trouble expressing their needs using typical words and motions Repeat actions over and over again

Diagnosis Doctors look at the children's behavior and development to make a diagnosis A diagnostic evaluation involves a team of doctors that include: a pediatrician, psychologist, speech and language pathologist and occupational therapist ASD can sometimes be detected at 18 months or younger

Causes and Risk Factors Environmental, biological and genetic factors are some factors that make a child more likely to have an ASD Children who have a sibling with ASD are at a higher risk of also having ASD Children born to older parents are at a greater risk of having ASD Prescription drugs valproic acid and thalidomide have been linked with higher risk of ASD ASD tends to occur more often in people who have certain genetic or chromosomal conditions, such as fragile X syndrome or tuberous sclerosis

How does autism affect communication? Children with ASD, communication development happens differently and more slowly Children with ASD might be more interested in environmental sounds like the whirring of a fan or vacuum than the sound of people talking Children with autism might imitate whole sentences without always understanding the meaning of the things they are saying

Language use and behaviors that are often found in children with ASD: Repetitive or rigid language Echolalia-the uncontrollable and immediate repetition of words spoken by another person Narrow interests and exceptional abilities Approximately 10 percent of children with ASD show extremely high abilities in specific areas, such as music or math. Uneven language development Uneven language development Poor nonverbal conversation skills

How are the speech and language problems of ASD treated? Speech-language therapy Augmentative and Alternative Communication Occupational Therapy Sensory Integration Therapy

Personal Interactions

Sources “Autism Spectrum Disorder.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 09 Apr Wed. 11 Apr “What is Autism?” Autism Speaks. N.p., n.d. Wed. 14 Apr “What Treatments Are Available for Speech, Language and Motor Issues?” Autism Speaks. N.p., n.d Web. 13 Par