1 Baseball The Muscular System

2 What role does ATP play in muscle contraction? –Answer: it is the source of energy for the sliding filaments Which muscle allows you to wrinkle your forehead? –Answer: frontalis

3 What structures connect muscles to bone? –Answer: tendons Where is smooth muscle located? Cardiac? –Answer: 1)smooth: hallow organs (stomach, intestine, etc) 2)cardiac:heart

4 Define origin & insertion points. –Answer: 1) points where muscle attaches to bone 2) origin :immovable or less movable point of attachment (muscle to bone) 3)insertion: movable point of attachment What is the minimal strength needed for muscle contraction? –Answer: threshold

5 What is a recording of an electrically stimulated isolated muscle called? –Answer: myogram Why does skeletal muscle look striated? –Answer: alternating layers of light and dark bands (actin & myosin)

6 Which diagram shows a relaxed sarcomere, 8,9 or 10? Explain why –Answer: 10…..z lines are far apart, long sarcomere

7 During what time interval would the latent period occur? –Answer: msec

8 Identify area 6 & indicate the role it plays in muscle contraction. –Answer: Mitochondrion… supplies ATPs

9 What type of summation is indicated by the myogram? –Answer: tetanic contraction What is it called when muscles decrease in size or seem to waste away. –Answer: atrophy

10 Identify the fleshy muscle that runs across the cheek…whistling & chewing muscle –Answer: Buccinator Increasing the angle between to bones is best known as flexion, true or false? –Answer: false….extension

11 Identify the area labeled # 5 & 6 –Answer: biceps brachii & external obliques Gluteus maximus was named how (2 reasons) –Answer: gluteal (body region) & size (maximus=large)

12 Identify the area labeled # 5 & 6 –Answer: 5)deltoid & 6)trapezius What is oxygen debt? –Answer: the amount of oxygen required to convert built up lactic acid into glucose

13 Identify the area labeled # 1 & 4 –Answer: 1)gluteus medius & 4) gastrocnemius Why do actin and myosin come in contact with eachother only some of the time? –Answer: Binding site on actin is covered up…preventing contact

14 Identify area 7 & what is found within it? –Answer: synaptic vesicles contains neurontransmitters (like acetylcholine)

15 Identify the area labeled # 10 –Answer: bucinnator Which muscle helps you wink? (name and number it) –Answer: orbicularis oculi #2

16 When a muscle can no longer contract it is said to be…. –Answer: fatigued Identify the area labeled # 1 and indicate its function –Answer: sternocleidomastoi d allows you to bow your head

17 Identify the area labeled # 8 & indicate the action on #5 –Answer: sartorius & dorsiflexion of the foot (tibialis anterior) Identify the area labeled # 2 to which group of muscles does this belong ? –Answer: Vastus medialis…. quadriceps

18 If a muscle fiber contracts at all, it will contract completely…. This is also known as –Answer: all or none theory Identify by name & number the muscles that comprise the hamstrings –Answer: 9-biceps femoris 8-semitendinosus 7-semimembranosus

19 Identify the area labeled # 5 –Answer: zygomaticus Which muscle helps you kiss? (name and number it) –Answer: orbiculari s oris #6

20 Identify the area labeled # 4 & 6 –Answer: latissimus dorsi & triceps brachii When several muscles contract at a time, the one muscle responsible for the majority of movement is called –Answer: the prime mover

21 Identify the area labeled # 1, 2 &3 –Answer: 1:A (dark) band 2: I (light) band 3: H zone What kind of muscle opposes or reverses a movement? –Answer: antagonists

22 Identify Area #3 –Answer: Z Line What substance is #4 & 6? –Answer: Actin & Myosin

23 Identify the area labeled # 4 & 6 –Answer: soleus & peroneus One neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates is called a –Answer: motor unit

24 Order the events from first to last A. Acetylcholine is released from axonal terminal into synaptic cleft. B. Sarcomeres contracts c. Depolarization triggers action potential, travels along sarcolemma & T tubules. D. motor end plate is depolarized E. Action potential arrives at axonal terminal –Answer: E-->A-->D-->C--->B

25 Even when a muscle is at rest, its fibers usually remain partially contracted this is called…. –Answer: muscle tone An increase in the number of motor units being activated is called –Answer: recruitment