The Muscular System

What does the muscular system do?  It allows for the movement of the body whether voluntary or involuntary.  Voluntary: muscles that you consciously control  Involuntary: muscles that are not consciously controlled.

Smooth Muscles  They line the passageways of internal organs to assist in moving certain substances through.  Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles – Muscles that perform with out consciously being to to.

Skeletal Muscles  Allow the bones of the body to move. They attach to the bones and are voluntarily controlled.  Flexor: Allows joint to close ex. Biceps  Extensor: allows joint to open ex. Triceps  Concentric contraction: shortening of muscles against gravity or a force.  Eccentric contraction: lengthening of the muscle but trying to resist the gravity or force.

 Lateral movement: moving away from the center toward the left or right as in rotation.  Medial movement: moving towards the center as in rotation.  aBduction: (as if lifting to the side) motion away from the center.  aDuction: (as if lowering from side) motion toward the center.

Cardiac Muscle  It forms the wall of the heart. These, too, are involuntary muscles.

 Muscle Movements: functional name comes from the type of movement it permits.  Ex. Flexor: permits bending (flexion)  Adductor: movement toward axis (adduction)  Circumductor: allows a circular motion (circumduction)  Muscle Growth: Develops when existing muscle fibers hypertrophy.  Strength and size differ among individuals because of factors such as  Exercise, nutrition, gender, age, and genetics.

Major Muscles Structure 1. Shoulder/Neck Pectoralis Major Minor Deltoid Rotator Cuff Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subcapularis Sternocleidomastoideus Primary Function 1. Shoulder/Neck Adduction Abduction Lateral/Medial rotation Rotation Example Exercise 1. Shoulder/Neck

Structure 2. Chest/Ab Rectus Abdominis Oblique Internal, external Transverse Abdominis Diaphram 3. Hip Illiopsoas Major, minor Gluteus Quadriceps Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius Sartotius 4. Back Trapezius Lattissimus Dorsi Levator Scapulae Rhomboids Major, minor Primary Function 2. Chest/Ab Flexes Trunk Lateral flexion/rotation Compresses abdomen Raises and lowers lungs 3. Hip Hip flexion Extension Flexion 4. Back Elevates scapula Adduction of arm Lateral flexion of neck Elevation of Scapula Example Exercise 2. Chest/Ab 3. Hip 4. Back

Structure 5. Elbow/Wrist Biceps Triceps Brachialis Flexors Extensors 6. Knee/Ankle Hamstring Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Quadriceps Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Gastrrocnemius Soleus Tibialis Anterior Primary Function 5. Elbow/Wrist Flexes Extension Flexion Flexion of hand/fingers Extension of hand/fingers 6. Knee/Ankle Flexes knee Extends knee Plantar flexion of foot Dorsiflxes Example Exercise 5. Elbow/Wrist 6. Knee/Ankle

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