Muscular Unit Muscular Unit

Muscle:  Definition: –Type of tissue able to shorten or contract and move a body part.  Functions: –Movement –Posture –Heat

Muscle facts:  Over muscles  Sheath –  Tendons – 600 outer covering muscle to bone

Muscle facts:  Muscles are named by:  Location  Shape  Function (movement)  Point of attachment

Sterno- cleido- mastoid Pectoralis Major Obliques Rectus Abdominis Masseter Trapezius Deltoids Biceps Flexors Quadriceps Tibialis Anterior Sartorius

Triceps Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Maximus Extensors Hamstrings Gastrocnemius Soleus

Muscle types Skeletal Skeletal Cardiac Cardiac Smooth Smooth

Skeletal (striated) muscle:  Voluntary Control  You control  Used in movement and exercise  Examples: Biceps, Abdominals Quadriceps,

Smooth (Visceral) muscle:  Involuntary muscle  you can not move  Internal organs and blood vessels  Examples: Digestive tract,Urinary tract, Stomach, Esophagus

Cardiac muscle:  Involuntary muscle  You can not control.  Found in the heart.  Example:  heart (Myocardium)

How muscles work:  Stimulation/use =  Muscle fiber development is when muscles become bigger and better reacting.  Carbohydrates are changed into an energy rich compound called fiber development ATP.

How muscles work (cont’d):  ATP (energy) + Oxygen =  ATP (energy) + no Oxygen =  A build up of Lactic Acid will cause Water and Carbon Dioxide Lactic Acid Muscle Cramps

Muscle Movements Flexion Flexion –decrease angle Extension Extension –Increase angle

Muscle Movements Abduction Abduction  Movement away from the center Adduction Adduction  Movement towards the center

Muscle Movements  Pronation  Palms downward  Supination  Palms upward/forward  Rotation  Turning

Origins – Insertions and Functions

Origins-Insertions-Function Origins-Insertions-Function Sterno- Cleido- mastoid ClavicleSternumCranium Rotateshead NAMEORIGININSERTIONMOVEMENT

Sternocleido mastoid ORIGIN INSERTION

Origins-Insertions-Function Origins-Insertions-Function Sterno- Cleido- mastoid ClavicleSternumCranium Rotateshead Trapezius Vertebra Column Column Scapula Lifts the scapula NAMEORIGININSERTIONMOVEMENT

ORIGIN INSERTION TRAPEZIUS

Origins-Insertions-Function Origins-Insertions-Function NAMEORIGININSERTIONMOVEMENT Deltoid Clavicle Scapula Humerus Extends Humerus

ORIGIN INSERTION DELTOID

Origins-Insertions-Function Origins-Insertions-Function DeltoidClavicleScapulaHumerusExtendsHumerus NAMEORIGININSERTIONMOVEMENT PectoralisMajor Sternum Humerus Movement of Humerus

INSERTION ORIGIN PECTORALIS MAJOR

Origins-Insertions-Function Origins-Insertions-Function DeltoidClavicleScapulaHumerusExtendinghumerus PectoralisMajorSternumHumerus Movement of humerus NAMEORIGININSERTIONMOVEMENT BicepScapula RadiusUlna FlexionofForearm

BICEPS INSERTION ORIGIN View: From the Front

Origins-Insertions-Function Origins-Insertions-Function NAMEORIGININSERTIONMOVEMENT Triceps ScapulaHumerus Ulna ExtensionofForearm

View: From the Back ORIGIN TRICEPS INSERTION

Origins-Insertions-Function Origins-Insertions-Function NAMEORIGININSERTIONMOVEMENT Triceps ScapulaHumerus Ulna ExtensionofForearm LatissimusDorsi VertebraeHumerus MovementofHumerus

ORIGIN INSERTION LATISSIMUS DORSI

Origins-Insertions-Function Origins-Insertions-Function NAMEORIGININSERTIONMOVEMENT Triceps ScapulaHumerus Ulna ExtensionofForearm LatissimusDorsi VertebraeHumerus MovementofHumerus RectusAbdominisRibs/Sternum Pubis Flexion of Trunk

INSERTION RECTUS ABDOMINIS ORIGIN

Origins-Insertions-Function Origins-Insertions-Function NAMEORIGIN INSERTIONMOVEMENT Internal/ExternalObliques TrunkRotation

INTERNAL OBLIQUES EXTERNAL OBLIQUES

Origins-Insertions-Function Origins-Insertions-Function NAMEORIGIN INSERTIONMOVEMENT Internal/ExternalObliques TrunkRotation GluteusMaximus PelvisFemur HipExtension

ORIGIN INSERTION GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

Origins-Insertions-Function Origins-Insertions-Function NAMEORIGIN INSERTIONMOVEMENT Internal/ExternalObliques TrunkRotation GluteusMaximus PelvisFemur HipExtension Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris) Pelvis TibiaFibulaLegFlexion

ORIGIN INSERTION HAMSTRINGS

Origins-Insertions-Function Origins-Insertions-Function NAME Quadriceps IliumFemur TibiaExtends Lower Leg

QUADRICEPS INSERTION ORIGIN

Origins-Insertions-Function Origins-Insertions-Function QuadricepsIliumFemurTibia Lower leg extension NAME Gastroc-nemius Femur Tarsals FootExtension

GASTROCNEMIUS ORIGIN INSERTION toes

Origins-Insertions-Function Origins-Insertions-Function QuadricepsIliumFemurTibia Lower leg extension Gastroc-NemiusFemurTarsals Foot extension NAME TibialisAnterior Tibia TarsalsMetatarsalsFootFlexion

ORIGIN INSERTION TIBIALIS ANTERIOR toes

Muscular System Disorders

Muscle Cramps A. Muscle contracts, but will not relax. B. Lactic Acid build-up occurs during strenuous exercise. C. These methods will help prevent muscle cramps: warm-up, water D. Relax, rub, and massage the muscle to relieve the pain.

Muscle Strain A. Overstretching of a muscle. B. Improperly warming-up. C. Proper warm-up and regular exercise can help prevent strains. D. Ice and rest.

Muscle Tear A. The tendon is torn from the bone. B. Sudden pull on a muscle. D. Ice, rest and sometimes surgery. C. Proper warm-up and regular exercise will help prevent muscle pulls.

Tendinitis A. Inflamed tendon B. Repeated stress or irritation to the tendon. C. Proper warm-up and regular exercise. D. Ice and rest.

Hernia A. Tear in the muscle layer of the abdomen. The intestines press through causing a bulge. B. Caused by sudden pressure at a weak spot in the abdominal cavity. C. Proper toning and proper lifting. D. Wearing a support, surgery.

Muscular Dystrophy A. Gradual destruction of muscle fiber, which causes the muscles to become useless. B. Cause is unknown, but it is hereditary. C. Regular exercise. No preventions. D. Medicines, physical therapy.

Get UP and MOVE!! Use it or lose it!!

D J B I C G F A E H

D L E A I N B O M GC F H J K Muscular System Diagram Quiz