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1 1 KS3 SCIENCE - BIOLOGY KS3 SCIENCE - BIOLOGY Classification of Life Classification of Life

2 2 WHAT IS CLASSIFICATION?

3 3 Classifying things means sorting out organisms so that those with certain similarities are grouped Classifying things means sorting out organisms so that those with certain similarities are grouped WHAT IS CLASSIFICATION?

4 4 Biological findings can often be applied to whole groups of creatures Biological findings can often be applied to whole groups of creatures WHAT IS CLASSIFICATION?

CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS 5 5

6 6 We first classify organisms into Kingdoms, the main ones being Animal and Plant We first classify organisms into Kingdoms, the main ones being Animal and Plant Organisms AnimalKingdom PlantKingdom CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS Vertebrates Have backbones Invertebrates No backbones

Cnidarians Invertebrates Vertebrates Myriapods Insects Crustaceans Flowering Plants Echinoderms Birds Reptiles 7 7 We then sub- divide into groups We then sub- divide into groups Organisms AnimalKingdom PlantKingdom Amphibians Mammals Fish Molluscs Segmented Worms Roundworms Flatworms Conifers Ferns Mosses Arachnids Arthropods CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS

8 8 The characteristics of plants are: The characteristics of plants are: CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS Mosses - no Roots or Stems, thin Leaves Mosses - no Roots or Stems, thin Leaves Ferns - strong stems, leaves make Spores Ferns - strong stems, leaves make Spores Flowering plants - Seeds made inside Flowers Flowering plants - Seeds made inside Flowers Conifers - needle-like leaves, Seeds in Cones Conifers - needle-like leaves, Seeds in Cones

9 9 Characteristics of Vertebrate animals: Characteristics of Vertebrate animals: CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS Fish - live in water, have scales, breathe through Gills Fish - live in water, have scales, breathe through Gills Mammals - breathe air through Lungs, have hair, live babies, suckle Mammals - breathe air through Lungs, have hair, live babies, suckle People are mammals People are mammals

10 CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS Amphibians - can breathe in water or air, breed in water Amphibians - can breathe in water or air, breed in water Reptiles - dry scaly skin, breathe air through lungs eggs have leathery shell Reptiles - dry scaly skin, breathe air through lungs eggs have leathery shell Birds - have feathers and wings, can usually fly Birds - have feathers and wings, can usually fly Characteristics of Vertebrate animals:

11 Characteristics of Invertebrates are: Characteristics of Invertebrates are: CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS Molluscs - have a shell and a muscular foot Molluscs - have a shell and a muscular foot Echinoderms - spiny skin, with a body in five parts Echinoderms - spiny skin, with a body in five parts Cnidarians - bodies are sac-like, with tentacles Cnidarians - bodies are sac-like, with tentacles

12 Characteristics of Invertebrates are: CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS Flatworms - flat body with mouth at one end Flatworms - flat body with mouth at one end Roundworms - long, threadlike body Roundworms - long, threadlike body Segmented Worms - body divided into segments Segmented Worms - body divided into segments

13 Arthropod Invertebrate characteristics: Arthropod Invertebrate characteristics: CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS Crustaceans - hard outer Skeleton, 4-20 legs Crustaceans - hard outer Skeleton, 4-20 legs Insects - 3 body parts 6 legs, most have 4 wings Insects - 3 body parts 6 legs, most have 4 wings Arachnids - body in 2 parts, 8 legs Arachnids - body in 2 parts, 8 legs Myriapods - each body segment has pair of legs Myriapods - each body segment has pair of legs

USING KEYS 14

USING KEYS 15 To help identify things, we can ask a series of questions, called Keys, with two possible answers To help identify things, we can ask a series of questions, called Keys, with two possible answers Each question divides the group into two parts, until eventually there is just one answer Each question divides the group into two parts, until eventually there is just one answer

USING KEYS 16 From the group of creatures you are looking at, take one creature at a time and go through the questions From the group of creatures you are looking at, take one creature at a time and go through the questions

It’s a mollusc mollusc USING KEYS 17 Has it got legs?Has legs? YESYES NONO Has it got a shell? Has it got a shell? YESYES NONO It’s an echinoderm echinoderm Has it two body parts? Has it two body parts? YESYES NONO It’s a spider spider It’s an insect insect

USING KEYS 18 Has it got legs?Has legs? For example this creature For example this creature

USING KEYS 19 Has it got legs?Has legs? YESYES Has it two body parts? Has it two body parts? For example this creature For example this creature

USING KEYS 20 Has it got legs?Has legs? YESYES Has it two body parts? Has it two body parts? YESYES It’s a spider spider For example this creature For example this creature