Present Status of Chemical (industrial) Disaster Risk Management and future Strategies Dr Rakesh Dubey Director Disaster Management Institute Bhopal October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP High frequency low consequence Low frequency high consequence High frequency low consequence Low frequency high consequence

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Objective of the lecture understand the philosophy of hazards and risk recognisition/assessment; understand the philosophy and methods of control understand and suggest several methods of preventing and controlling hazards/risks in workplaces. understand the philosophy of hazards and risk recognisition/assessment; understand the philosophy and methods of control understand and suggest several methods of preventing and controlling hazards/risks in workplaces. October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Evolution in Indian system Institutions and Regulations Existing Monitoring, enforcement is on Participatory and self evaluation approach has started October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP Organisational OSH poliy and programmes Design criteria Person

Accident Theory October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP “Industrial Accident Prevention” Social Environment and Ancestry Fault of the Person (Carelessness) Unsafe Act or Condition Accident Injury MISTAKES OF PEOPLE

Swiss Cheese Accident Models October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Influence creating factors October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Brownian movement of accidents October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Objective of the programme Disaster reduction Response Prevention/ /mitigation Preparedness October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Prepardness : Planning: GIS based on-site and emergency management plans Risk assessment should make a base for plans Reach to all important stake holders by using some common platform Prevention: Compliance of laws and rules, by doing risk assessment after assessing the consequences and probability by using HAZOP, FEMA, ETA, FTA and computer model for consequence analysis Mitigation Change in process, chemicals, instrumention, machine, training of human beings, community and civil administartin invovment Planning: GIS based on-site and emergency management plans Risk assessment should make a base for plans Reach to all important stake holders by using some common platform Prevention: Compliance of laws and rules, by doing risk assessment after assessing the consequences and probability by using HAZOP, FEMA, ETA, FTA and computer model for consequence analysis Mitigation Change in process, chemicals, instrumention, machine, training of human beings, community and civil administartin invovment includes planning, prevention and mitigation i.e. Risk assessment (HAZOP, FEMA, FTA, ETA, consequence assessment, probability estimation, etc. audits; on-site and off-site emergency plans, ISO’s, OSHAS, compliance of the laws, engineering modification Strengthening the regulators by knowledge upgradation to meet the challenges Formal education in the area of safety, risk assessment, medical, fire fighting, for cadre development October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION METHODS: - Process hazard checklist - Hazard survey: DOW index - HAZOP hazard & operability study - Safety review RISK ASSESSMENT: - What can go wrong & how ? - What are the chances ? - Consequences ? EXTREMES: - Low probability - Minimal consequences HAZARD IDENTIFICATION METHODS: - Process hazard checklist - Hazard survey: DOW index - HAZOP hazard & operability study - Safety review RISK ASSESSMENT: - What can go wrong & how ? - What are the chances ? - Consequences ? EXTREMES: - Low probability - Minimal consequences October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Priority Hazards and Risks in industries LPG, Propane (under pressure in liquid phase) Ammonia (under pressure/refrigeration in liquid phase) Chlorine (under pressure in liquid phase) Hydrogen (under pressure in gases) CO + CH4 (under atmosphere ) LPG, Propane (under pressure in liquid phase) Ammonia (under pressure/refrigeration in liquid phase) Chlorine (under pressure in liquid phase) Hydrogen (under pressure in gases) CO + CH4 (under atmosphere ) October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Challenges October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Causality chain Emission Environmental distribution Exposure Effects MODELLING or MONITORING October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Types of Emissions Continuous emissions Intermittent emissions Peak emissions Block emissions October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Spatial scales Local scale Local scale Area around one point source/one industry Area around one point source/one industry Average environmental characteristics Average environmental characteristics “ Reasonable worst case ” scenario “ Reasonable worst case ” scenario Local scale Local scale Area around one point source/one industry Area around one point source/one industry Average environmental characteristics Average environmental characteristics “ Reasonable worst case ” scenario “ Reasonable worst case ” scenario October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Regional scale Regional scale Area can be 200 x 200 km Area can be 200 x 200 km 20 million inhabitants 20 million inhabitants 100 or 10% of production 100 or 10% of production Average environmental characteristics Average environmental characteristics Two or more sources Two or more sources Regional scale Regional scale Area can be 200 x 200 km Area can be 200 x 200 km 20 million inhabitants 20 million inhabitants 100 or 10% of production 100 or 10% of production Average environmental characteristics Average environmental characteristics Two or more sources Two or more sources October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Protection layers for disaster free society Plant engineering, material, process, control equipments, risk and training, regulatory compliances Dialogue with plant personnel including contractors, disclosure of information of hazards and risk, mitigation, preparedness Dialogue with local govts, community, disclosure of hazards, risks, preparedness, response, mitigation, October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Response Training Plant staff from top to bottom including the contractual labours, visitors, associates likes traders, suppliers consumers Community Involvement of community in all important activities, disclosure of vital information with preparedness National/state/local Governments Assessment of weakness in medical preparedness, fire fighting, law and order and corrective measures Mockdrills By involving all stakeholders including, armed forces and NDRF Training Plant staff from top to bottom including the contractual labours, visitors, associates likes traders, suppliers consumers Community Involvement of community in all important activities, disclosure of vital information with preparedness National/state/local Governments Assessment of weakness in medical preparedness, fire fighting, law and order and corrective measures Mockdrills By involving all stakeholders including, armed forces and NDRF Human behaviour, community involvement and participation in emergency process, response of fire fighters, medical response, police (law and order) eg Mock drills Compliance of regulations October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Response R ecognize A void I solate N otify R ecognize A void I solate N otify What can I do October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Response mechanism should governed by following 4 Don’ts The 4 Don’ts Don’t become a victim Don’t rush in Don’t assume anything Don’t TEST (Taste, Eat, Smell, Touch) October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Preparedness + Response have base Elimin ation Substi tution Engineering control administrative October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Administrative and technical control Worst example of regulatory compliance Best example for regulatory compliance October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Administrative and engineering Engineering way No engineering arrangements for storing October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Administrative /Engineering failure October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Engineering control Scrubers October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Engineering control Yellow hood is the suction for toxic gas engeeniering control The wall towards disc end will limit the impact zones due to explosion or fire October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Not good practice One worker is having SCBA and other is not in reposnse of toxic gas release October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Good practice Both workers are having SCBA and for victim they are taking care for compressed air October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Excercise October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

New Dimensions for emergency planning: Community, Gender issue October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP

Journey continues October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP