Dr. Tarek El Sewedy Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences

LECTURE ( )

By the end of this lecture, students will learn: 1.Abdominal Quadrants of the body 2.Integumentary System Intended Learning Outcomes

Lecture content 1.Abdominal Quadrants of the body 2.Integumentary System

Abdominal Quadrants and Regions Because the abdominal cavity is a large area and contains many organs, it is useful to divide it into smaller sections. One method divides the abdominal cavity into 4 quadrants. A second method divides the abdominal cavity into 9 regions. Physicians and health care professionals use quadrants or regions as a point of reference.

Abdominal Quadrants and Regions The larger division of the abdominal cavity consists of four quadrants: right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), and left lower quadrant (LLQ).

Quadrants are useful in describing the location in the body in which a surgical procedure will be performed. They also are useful in denoting location of abnormal masses such as tumors. The physician may pinpoint a patient’s abdominal pain in the RLQ. Such a finding could indicate a diagnosis of appendicitis, because the appendix is located in that quadrant. Pain in another quadrant, such as the LLQ, would indicate a different diagnosis.

Endoscope

Medical imaging. (A) Chest radiograph indicating lymphatic enlargement in suspected lymphoma.

(left) CT scan of the eye in lateral view showing a tumor (arrows) below the optic nerve. (right) MRI scan of the midsagittal section of the head, showing extreme clarity of soft tissue.

Medical and Surgical Procedures Anastomosis Connection between two vessels; surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other

Cauterize Process of burning abnormal tissue with electricity, freezing, heat, or chemicals (silver nitrate) Cauterization is usually performed to destroy damaged or diseased tissues.

Integumentary System The integumentary system consists of the skin and its accessory organs: the hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. The skin is the largest organ in the body and protects the body from the external environment.. Beneath the skin’s surface is a network of sensory receptors that register sensations of temperature, pain, and pressure. The millions of sensory receptors and a vascular network aid the functions of the entire body in maintaining homeostasis, a stable internal environment of the body.

Combining Forms Denoting Colour The -a ending in cyan/o/derma, erythr/o/derma, leuk/o/derma, and melan/o/derma designates that these words are (adjectives, nouns)

Signs, Symptoms, and Diseases Abscess that has formed a furuncle in hair follicles of the neck.

Signs, Symptoms, and Diseases

(A)Basal cell carcinoma (late stage). (B) Common sites of basal cell carcinoma.

Abbreviations

Students selected for assignment All students has been given an assignment, any student that was not given an assignment should prepare one on any of the subjects on the next slide and deliver it maximum by next week.

Assignments Students on next slide are requested to prepare a presentation (minimum of 5 slides) on any the following topics: 1.Skin medical terminology 2.Disease of Skin 3.Root, suffix and prefix used in Skin terminology Assignments should be delivered by next week

Reference books 1 – Medical Terminology an illustrated Guide by Barbara Jonson Cohen – “Medical Terminology Simplified” F. A David – “Medical Terminology system : Approach Fifth Edition” Barbara A Gylys 2004