Food: whose power to control? Geoff Tansey Power & Politics FOE local groups conference 11 September 2010

Food system basics  Biological - ecological  History - global restructuring  Human needs - multi-dimensional  physiological  psychological  social  cultural

A dysfunctional system  Just over 1 bn people undernourished  2 billion micronutrient deficient  About 1.2 billion overweight million obese  Affects poor most, N & S  US Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (Food Stamps) - $37.7bn, 2008(prov)  2.5bn people in agriculture (1.3bn smallholders)  75% of poor (<$2/day) in rural areas Sources: FAO, USDA, WHO & World Bank

Beyond terror - the real threats to our world  Climate change - destabilisation  Competition over resources, inc land  Marginalisation of the majority world  Global militarisation Source: Abbott, Rogers and Sloboda, Oxford Research Group

Global wealth distribution, 2000  10% of adults own 86% global household wealth  50% own barely 1%  Average person in top 10% owns nearly 3000 times wealth of average person in bottom 10% Source: WIDER Angle, 2/2006

 Power  Control  Risk  Benefits Key words

Food System actors Food System actors  Input suppliers  Farmers  Traders  Workers  Processors / manufacturers  Wholesalers / retailers  Caterers  Consumers / citizens  Governments, policy makers, lobbyists

All you need is - enough Limited demand - saturated markets  Increased competition  Technology  Increased productivity  Diversification

Key trends  Economic concentration  Global markets / global rules  Control  Geo-political shifts

Tools for control  Political, military & economic power  Historically shaped today’s system  Science  Technology  Information  Management  Laws, rules, regulations  From national to global

1990s - global food rules change  Convention on Biological Diversity (UN)  conserve, sustain, share benefits  International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (UN)  Farmers’ Rights, IPRs, sharing benefits, managed commons  World Trade Organisation  Trade liberalisation, agriculture, TRIPS, SPS

Patents, Power and

Importance of ‘Intellectual Property’  Underpins  ‘ knowledge economy’  media & entertainment, software  pharmaceuticals / biotechnology  brand power & GM  Means to  Exclude others, capture and appropriate benefits  Shift market power

Changing face of research and development  Access to knowledge / seeds  Freedom to operate / exchange  Skewing questions asked, solutions sought  Going which way - milestones?  Open access, distributed innovation, ecologically supportive or the pharma model

What type of future?  Collapse (still a real danger: eg economic, nuclear war, disease, environmental disasters)  techno-dominance / corporate feudalism  Bifurcation (rich 2 billion use all tech available to enhance / maintain their lifestyles, rest contained by technologies of control or killed off in disasters - the “Liddism” of Paul Rogers)  ecological balance / diverse / resilient / fair

Business as usual is not an option  Move to a more agro-ecological farming approach from an industrial, fossil fuel based model

Prosperity without growth?  There is as yet no credible, socially just, ecologically sustainable scenario of continually growing incomes for a world of nine billion people  Simplistic assumptions that capitalism’s propensity for efficiency will allow us to stabilise the climate and protect against resource scarcity are nothing short of delusional Tim Jackson

Sustainable Development Commission - food security genuinely sustainable food systems:   where the core goal is to feed everyone sustainably, equitably and healthily;   which addresses needs for availability,affordability and accessibility;   which is diverse, ecologically-sound and resilient;   which builds the capabilities and skills necessary for future generations.

Fair shares Fair play Fair say

Thinking about systems change Choosing leverage points, levels and areas Recognising connections Donella H. Meadows, Thinking in Systems - A Primer, Earthscan, 2009

Beyond current assumptions  Will we in the UK be able to eat what we want, when we want, from wherever we want? Should we be able to?  Is there any historical responsibility?  GHG emissions + ecological debt

Beyond technology  Innovation needed is local / institutional / social / economic / political, not just technological  Many people around the world recognise this and are ahead of the political leadership

Changing Paradigms  A new ecological economics  SDC - prosperity without growth in N, different in S  NEF - The Great Transition  Worldwatch - Transforming Cultures  Sarkozy Commission - beyond GDP /GNP  Beyond reductionist R&D  Understanding complexity  ecosystems approaches

Reframing rules, laws, incentives  Linking nutritional well-being, farming and fairness  Reordering governance systems  Developing resilience mechanisms - eg stocks, - eg stocks,  Changing the framework for the actors

Shifting power  Social, economic, political, commercial, gender, geo-political  Land - access and use - what is land for?  Property - real vs imaginary  The rise of patents, brands, plant variety protection et al  Food Sovereignty / democracy movements / biodiversity & seed fairs / Transition towns etc

The Corporate EconomyThe Local Economy The top 10 seed companies control 67% of the global proprietary seed market and 82% of the world’s commercial seed sales are proprietary. Three-quarters of the world’s farmers either grow locally-bred varieties and/or save their seed. At least 1.4 billion people depend upon farmer- saved seed. 80% of agribusiness research is devoted to shipping, storage and market-maximization technologies. 100% of farmer-based research is devoted to environmental sustainability, productivity and nutrition. The top 100 grocery retail enterprises account for 35% of global grocery retail sales. 85% of global food production is consumed close to where it is grown – much of it outside the formal market system. The top 10 pharmaceutical companies control 55% of global drug sales. Approximately 70% of the world’s population is cared for by community health specialists using local medicines. Source: etc group, Who Owns Nature? Corporate Power and the Final Frontier in the Commodification of Life

Pick your focus Within a bigger framework for a just, sustainable and healthy [food] system on a small blue planet