States of Matter

What is matter ? 5/24/2015 2

Matter- anything that has mass and volume 5/24/2015 3

4 Physical Properties Can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter.

5/24/ Example: You don’t change the identity of an apple to find it’s volume or see that it is red

5/24/ Thermal Conductivity: The rate at which a substance transfers thermal energy (heat) Example: Cup of hot chocolate warms your hands

5/24/ Solubility: The ability of a substance to dissolve into another substance. Example: Flavored drink mix dissolves into water

5/24/ Ductility: The ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire. Example: Copper Wire is ductile

5/24/ Malleability: The ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets. Example: Aluminum can be rolled into sheets to make aluminum foil

5/24/ You use physical properties all the time. For example, physical properties help determine if your socks are clean (odor) or if you can fit all your books into your backpack (volume).

Density: The mass per unit volume Density = mass volume D= m v 5/24/

Density Practice 5/24/

5/24/ Practice Problems Example: What is the density of an object whose mass is 20g and whose volume is 10 mL? D= ? 1. Write the equation D= m v

5/24/ Replace m and V with numbers D= 20g = 2 g/mL 10mL

5/24/ Example 2: What is the density of an object whose mass is 35 g and whose volume is 7 mL? Write the steps and solve yourself.

5/24/ D= m v 2. D= 35g 7mL 3. D= 5 g/mL

5/24/ Chemical Properties Describe matter based on its ability to change into new matter with different properties.

Example: Wood can be burned to create new matter (ash and smoke) 5/24/

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5/24/ Flammability- The ability to burn Ex: Wood has the ability to burn

Nonflammability - an object will not burn Example: Pots & pans 5/24/

5/24/ Just so you know…. Reactivity the ability of 2 or more substances to combine & form a new substance

5/24/ Reactivity with Oxygen- Oxidation When iron is exposed to oxygen and it rusts Ex: Rusty nail

Nonreactivity with oxygen: Substances or objects that will not rust. Ex: The bumper on a car 5/24/

How are physical and chemical properties different? 5/24/

5/24/ What’s the difference? Physical Properties- Can be measured/observed and do NOT change what something is made of

Chemical Properties: Describes how something will react. DOES change the chemical nature 5/24/

5/24/ Signs of a Chemical Change Changes in color Heat is produced Fizzing and Foaming Production of Sound or Light

5/24/ Physical Change A change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance. Example: Breaking a piece of chalk in two pieces.

5/24/ Examples of Physical Changes Freezing water for ice cubes Sanding a piece of wood Cutting your hair

5/24/ Bending a paper clip Melting a stick of butter

5/24/ Chemical Change Two or more substances are changed into a new substance Not the same as Chemical Properties

5/24/ Remember…… Chem. Props describe the ability of a substance to go through a chemical change

5/24/ What happens during a chemical change? When you bake a cake, you combine eggs, flour, sugar, oil, and other ingredients. Each ingredient has its own set of properties But if you mix all the ingredients together, you get something completely different.

5/24/ The heat of the oven and the interaction of the cake ingredients cause a chemical change.

Physical Change: A change in appearance only; DOES NOT CHANGE the identity of the matter Examples: Size change Shape change State change ( solid to liquid) 5/24/

Chemical Change: Produces new matter with different properties. The identity of the matter does change Examples: Color Change Heat produced or removed Fizzing & Foaming Smell Change Light/ Sound Produced 5/24/

Endothermic Energy is gained by a substance -Think “endo”= enter -Heat removed = cooler Example: Baking soda and vinegar absorbs heat and gets colder. 5/24/

Exothermic Energy is expelled. Can give off heat Think “exo” = exit Example: Oxidation – gives off heat 5/24/

5/24/ States of Matter - Physical forms in which a substance can exist Solid Liquid Gas

5/24/ Solid definite shape and definite volume Molecules are very close together Molecules vibrate in place

5/24/ Examples Rock Tree Loaf of bread Puppy Iron Cell Phone i-pod

5/24/ Liquid No definite shape; takes the shape of its container Ex: When you pour water from a beaker into a graduated cylinder does it stay in the shape of the beaker? Nope! definite volume

5/24/ Molecules move around Examples: Coffee Water

5/24/ Gas No definite shape No definite volume

Molecules completely break away from each other. There is empty space between the molecules. 5/24/

5/24/ Plasma No definite shape or volume Molecules have broken apart

Plasma Conducts electric currents;GASES DON’T Examples: Auroras Fluorescent Lights Lightning 5/24/