Active Reading Note-Taking Guide Chapter 5 The Ancient Greeks Section 3 Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great Alexander the Great’s parents hired Aristotle to be his personal tutor. Aristotle trained Alexander in literature, science, medicine, and philosophy.

Chapter 5, Section 3 Alexander the Great (Pages 174–179) Main Idea Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read: • How did Philip II of Macedonia unite the Greek states? • How did Alexander the Great change history? p. 101

Chapter 5, Section 3 Alexander the Great (Pages 174–179) Invaded Asia Minor and won Battle of Granicus Chapter 5, Section 3 Alexander the Great (Pages 174–179) Reading Strategy Freed Greek cities in Asia Minor from Persian rule Captured Syria and Egypt As you read pages 176–179 in your textbook, complete this diagram to track the achievements of Alexander the Great. Built Alexandria I. Macedonia Attacks Greece (pages 175–176) A. Macedonia was a powerful kingdom that lay north of Greece. B. Philip II needed to unite Greece with Macedonia to defeat the Persian Empire. After training a vast army, Philip began taking over the Greek city-states. C. A lawyer named Demosthenes tried to warn the Athenians about Philip, but it was too late. D. The Macedonians defeated the Greeks at the Battle of Chaeronea. After this battle, Philip controlled all of Greece. What led to the Athenians’ defeat? (The Greek city-states had been weakened in the Peloponnesian War, and their population had declined. Many farms had been destroyed during the war, and young people had no way to earn a living, so they had left Greece to join the Persian army.) Defeated Persians at Gaugamela Took rest of Persian Empire Marched east and entered India

Chapter 5, Section 3 Macedonia Attacks Greece (pages 175–176) Predicting Skip Places To Locate Macedonia: kingdom to the north of Greece Chaeronea: place near Thebes, location of the Greeks’ loss in battle to the Macedonians p. 102

Chapter 5, Section 3 Macedonia Attacks Greece (pages 175–176) People To Meet Philip II: king of Macedonia who defeated the Greeks Academic Vocabulary Skip p. 102

Chapter 5, Section 3 Macedonia Attacks Greece (pages 175–176) Sum It Up Why did Philip II invade Greece? Philip needed to unite the Greek city-states with his own kingdom to defeat the Persian Empire. p. 102

Chapter 5, Section 3 Alexander Builds an Empire (pages 176–179) Previewing Skip Terms To Know legacy: what a person leaves behind after death Hellenistic Era: period when Greek ideas spread to the peoples of southwest Asia II. Alexander Builds an Empire (pages 176–179) A. Alexander the Great became king of Macedonia after his father, Philip, died. B. Alexander began his conquest of the Persian Empire in 334 B.C. with the Battle of Granicus. Alexander’s forces destroyed the Persian forces. C. A year later, Alexander defeated the Persian army at Issus and freed the Greek cities in Asia Minor. He then captured Syria and Egypt. D. Alexander built the city of Alexandria as the center of business. It became one of the most important cities in the ancient world. E. Alexander continued his conquest of the Persian Empire by fighting in modern Pakistan, India, and Iran. F. In 323 B.C., Alexander planned to invade southern Arabia, but he became ill and died. G. A legacy is what a person leaves behind when he or she dies. Alexander’s legacy is his skill and daring. p. 81

Chapter 5, Section 3 Alexander Builds an Empire (pages 176–179) Places To Locate Syria: land in Asia Minor captured by Alexander Alexandria: great city in Egypt built by Alexander Academic Vocabulary Skip Terms To Review H. Alexander’s conquests marked the beginning of the Hellenistic Era. This was a time when Greek language and ideas spread to non-Greek areas of southwest Asia. I. After Alexander’s death, his generals fought for power, and Alexander’s empire ended. Four kingdoms emerged in its place. J. Government business in the four kingdoms was conducted in the Greek language. People who did not speak Greek could not hold government jobs. This helped the Greeks maintain control. K. New cities were created in the Hellenistic Era, and these cities needed architects, engineers, and philosophers. The rulers of the four kingdoms sent Greek colonists to southwest Asia to help build the cities. In this way, Greek culture spread. How did Alexander show his courage? (Alexander rode into battle ahead of his men, and he often risked his own life. He once refused water because there was not enough for all of his soldiers to have a drink.) p. 104

Chapter 5, Section 3 Alexander Builds an Empire (pages 176–179) Sum It Up What was Alexander’s legacy? Alexander spread Greek and Macedonian rule over a large area. He also spread Greek art, ideas, language, and architecture. p. 104

Chapter 5, Section 3 Alexander the Great (Pages 174–179) Section Wrap Up How did Philip II of Macedonia unite the Greek states? Philip conquered them one city-state at a time. He did this to create a kingdom strong enough to defeat the Persian Empire. p. 105

Chapter 5, Section 3 Alexander the Great (Pages 174–179) Section Wrap Up How did Alexander the Great change history? Alexander spread Greek and Macedonian rule over a large area. He also spread Greek art, ideas, language, and architecture. p. 105