335 B.C. – 145 B.C. The Hellenistic Period
Greek city-states had declined in power! Greek culture and ideas spread rapidly! However…
Macedonia Today
Ohrid
Tetovo Valley
Shar Mountain
359 B.C. Greek City - States Macedonia under Philip
How would you unify city-states under your control?
Philip II of Macedonia – 338 B.C. Goal: unify Greek city-states and spread Greek culture
Remember: Persian Wars
Peloponnesian War
State of Greek city-states?
How did Philip achieve the goal of unifying the Greek city-states?
1. Army Full-time Full-time Phalanx Phalanx 14 ft. spears 14 ft. spears Archers & slingshots (hilly regions) Archers & slingshots (hilly regions)
2. Bribery FlatteryFlattery GoldGold
3. Instigated disagreements When city-states grew weak his army made their move!
4. Diplomacy Made treaties; broke them Made treaties; broke them Used marriage to form alliances Used marriage to form alliances
Demosthenes Orator Orator Warned Greeks about Philip but they didn’t listen Warned Greeks about Philip but they didn’t listen
Dream of Nebuchadnezzar Head of Gold - Babylon Chest and arms of silver – Medo-Persia Belly and hips of Brass - Greece Legs of Iron - Rome Daniel 2: 31-35
Philip’s Checklist Macedonia Greek City-states Persia Philip was assassinated before he could reach his goal. X X
Macedonian Empire 336 B.C. Macedonian Empire 336 B.C.
The Soap Opera Version Philip had many wives: 1. Audata 2. Phila 3. Nikisipolis 4. Philinna 5.Olympias (Alexander’s mother) 6. Meda 7.Cleopatra (Macedonia Nobility) Pausanias: assassinated Philip; quickly eliminatedPausanias: assassinated Philip; quickly eliminated
Alexander the Great
Born to be king! Son of king Young Good-looking Smart Physically strong
Alexander’s Goal World Peace Unite Macedonians, Greeks, Persians How would he achieve his goal?
Steps to Unity???? Brought Persians into his army Married Persian woman (and several others) 80 of his officers married Persian women Dressed in Persian fashion Followed some Persian customs: claimed to be a god (Zeus- Ammon) Brought Persians into his army Married Persian woman (and several others) 80 of his officers married Persian women Dressed in Persian fashion Followed some Persian customs: claimed to be a god (Zeus- Ammon)
Why so much emphasis on Persia? Macedonians and Greeks thought Persians to be barbarians! Unity never achieved!
Alexandria
The Lighthouse
The Museum
Alexander’s Campaigns
Death 323 B.C. (32-33 years old ?) Buried in Alexandria 323 B.C. (32-33 years old ?) Buried in Alexandria ? ?
India was returned to original rulers the remaining Kingdom was divided among three generals
Greek Influence Greek language Coinage (Alexander) Trade increased Laws Business Customs Calendar Greek language Coinage (Alexander) Trade increased Laws Business Customs Calendar
Fall of Greece Economy Emigration Population decreased Not enough workers Economy Emigration Population decreased Not enough workers 146 B.C. – under Roman Control!