Alexander the Great. Philip II (Alexander’s father) Became king of Macedon in 359 BC Conquered south Athenian Demosthenes spoke out against him (Three.

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Alexander the Great

Philip II (Alexander’s father) Became king of Macedon in 359 BC Conquered south Athenian Demosthenes spoke out against him (Three Philippics) Battle of Chaeronea 338 BC, defeated Athens and Thebes, controlled Greece Assassinated in 336 BC

Young Alexander Born in 356 BC to Philip II and Olympias (non- Macedonian) Tutored by Aristotle and Leonidas Tamed the horse Bucephalus Father assassinated in 336 BC Life of Alexander by Plutarch

“Untying” the Gordion Knot Gordium, Turkey, 333 BC Tied by King Midas or his father Gordius The prophecy Alexander solves it

Battle of Granicus, 334 BC First major victory over Persians Persia ruled by Darius III 47,000 (Macedonians and various Greeks) versus 24,000 Greek mercenaries Granicus - river near Troy

Battle of Issus, 333 BC Alexander defeats Darius III despite being heavily outnumbered Darius III flees Empire expands to include Persia

More battles Battle of Gaugamela, 331 BC, against Darius III again Battle of Hydapses, 326 BC, Punjab region of Pakistan, against King Poros, war elephants Empire extends to western India Hellenistic vs. Hellenic culture

Alexander’s Empire

Superimposed on modern map

Alexander’s Demise Got sick and stayed in Babylon, died there in 323 BC Divided up empire among the Diadochi (The followers) Egypt – The Ptolemies BC Asia – Seleucids BC Macedonia – Antigonids, BC

Seleucids, Ptolemies, Antigonids

Egypt and Alexandria Ptolemies followed the pharoahs, BC Many Cleopatras The Library of Alexandria Three separate burnings 30 BC – Roman conquest