Alexander’s Empire Chapter 5 Section 4

Do Now: Map Quiz Obj: HW: Active Read 5.5 Describe Phillip’s Conquest of Greece Explain Alexander’s defeat of the Persians Explain Alexander’s effect on future cultures HW: Active Read 5.5 Main Ideas #3-5 & Critical Thinking # 6

Vocab Phillip II Macedonia Alexander the Great Darius III

Effects of Peloponnesian War Many city-states were severely weakened after war Rapid decline of military and economic power King Phillip II of Macedonia takes notice Has dream of taking control of all of Greece and eventually Persia

Macedonia Northern Greece; lived in mountain villages more than city-state Consider themselves to be Greek, However the Greeks looked down upon them as uncivilized Lack of great philosophers, sculptures, and writers

Phillip II Builds his Army Phillip becomes king in 359 B.C.E. at 23 yrs old Transforms his villagers into lethal professional army Phillip uses a 16x16 man phalanx, all armed with an 18ft spear Uses the phalanx to break enemy lines and then sends in swift cavalry to crush disorganized opponent

Phillip Conquers Greece Greek city-states failed to unite against Phillip Eventually Thebes and Athens unite against Phillip; but it was too late Macedonian army had become too powerful and easily defeated the city states Greece now under the rule of a “foreigner”

Phillips Rule and the Rise of Alexander King Phillip planned on attacking Persia next At his daughters wedding he was stabbed to death Never got a chance to see the Persian War Phillips son Alexander takes the throne Alexander immediately takes control of the Macedonian kingdom and vows to attack Persia like his father had planned

Alexander the Great 20 yrs old when he came to power Taught by Aristotle; learned science, geo, and literature Kept a copy of Iliad under his pillow to inspire himself To prove his strength crushed Thebes during a revolt

Persian Conquest Battle of Granicus Battle of Issus 35,000 Macedonians Vs. 40,000 Persians Alexander smashes through enemy lines Victory! Battle of Issus King Darius III raises an army of 75,000 men Alexander outnumbered charges through weak spot Forces Darius III to flee Alexander takes control of Anatolia

Darius on the Retreat After the loss at Issus Darius III tried to negotiate with Alexander Offered him all the land west of the Euphrates River Advised to take the deal- Persian resistance swelled Alexander’s ambition Refused the offer and vowed to conquer the whole empire

Alexander in Egypt Alexander marches to Egypt in 332 B.C.E. He is met as a liberator The Egyptians make him a pharaoh! He builds the city of Alexandria at the mouth of the river Nile What’s next……?

Alexander Conquers Persia Alexander heads east to Mesopotamia Battle to Gaugamela: Darius assembles an army of 250,000 men Once again the power of the phalanx and Alexander’s cavalry were too much for Persian battle lines Darius flees again; and Persian control ends Soon Alexander controls: Babylon, Susa, and Persian capital Persepolis Alexander burns Persepolis to the ground

Alexander’s Plan After returning to Babylon after 11 years and 11,000 miles Alexander makes plans to organize the empire He wants to: Build roads Construct new cities Construct new harbors Invade Arabia However; he become very sick with a fever and dies a few days later- 323 B.C.E.

Alexander’s Empire Divided After his death the Empire was divided by 3 powerful rulers 1) Antigonus- Macedonia (Greek city states) 2) Ptolemy – Egypt 3) Seleucus – Persian Empire

Alexander’s Legacy: (You Fill in the Blank)