AP Human Geography Week #28 Spring 2015

AP Human Geography 3/23/15 http://mrmilewski.com OBJECTIVE: Continue examination the changes in industrial production. APHugVI.A.2 Language objective: Write about industrialization. I. Journal#79pt.A -Watch the following: -What new federal fracking rules mean for the oil and gas industry II. Quiz#49 III. Journal#79pt.B -notes on the changes in industrial production Notice: 52 Days until the AP Test May 15th

This Week Today – Journal#79 Tomorrow – Practice Test Wednesday – Journal#80 Thursday – Film Friday – Asia Map Test and Journal#81 Monday – Ch#12 Test

How has Industrial Production Changed? Fordist – dominant mode of mass production during the twentieth century, production of consumer goods at a single site. Post-Fordist – current mode of production with a more flexible set of production practices in which goods are not mass produced. Production is accelerated and dispersed around the globe by multinational companies that shift production, outsourcing it around the world. Henry Ford introduced the assembly line production of automobiles which resulted in agglomeration of auto production in the Detroit and Great Lakes area-now known as the rust belt. Bretton Woods agreement industrial countries adopted the gold standard-value of currency pegged to the value of gold-basis for prosperity and mass production by large corporations

Modern Production Outsourcing – Offshore – moving individual steps in the production process (of a good or a service) to a supplier, who focuses their production and offers a cost savings. Offshore – Outsourced work that is located outside of the country.

Time-Space Compression Through improvements in transportation and communications technologies, many places in the world are more connected than ever before. David Harvey coined the term Time-Space Compression-the idea the the world is moving at a faster pace due to capitalism and the greater connectivity of transportation and communication systems. Time-Space Compression has altered the division of labor-when world was less connected, goods were produced close to market or point of consumption.

Time-Space Compression Just-in-time delivery rather than keeping a large inventory of components or products, companies keep just what they need for short-term production and new parts are shipped quickly when needed. Global division of labor corporations can draw from labor around the globe for different components of production. Containers await shipment in China Bottom Container ship from Europe enter Halifax, Canada’s harbor Major corporations: General Motors, Union Carbide, Exxon and others take advantage of the low transport costs, expanding information technology and favorable government regulations to outsource jobs to specific locations. Multinational Corporations move labor-intensive manufacturing to peripheral countries where laobr is cheap Core manufacturing is increasingly automated

New Influences on the Geography of Manufacturing Transportation-intermodal connections where air, rail, truck, ship and barge connect-eases flow of goods-e.g. container shipping Regional and global trade agreements-WTO, Benelux, European Union, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, SAFTA, CARICOM, ANDEAN AFTA, COMESA, etc. goal to ease flow of goods by eliminating trade tariffs or quotas Energy-coal was replaced by natural gas & oil after WW II-transported by pipeline or tanker WTO 148 states in 2005 works to negotiate trade agreements

Europe-despite North Sea Oil-still must import Mexico & Canada oil and natural gas U.S. uses 27% of oil & 37% of natural gas produced in the world. Dependent on imported oil Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Russia large oil reserves

South Asia-India Blessed with large coal deposits, metallic minerals such as iron ore and a vast labor force, India is growing by 8% year. Despite rapid industrialization it still remains agrarian and underdeveloped due to a poor infrastructure-over 50% of India’s crops rot in the field due to a lack of transportation

South Asia-India The Bihar Steel Mill in India produces high quality steel at a low price-the down side-low pay, few environmental restrictions=pollution. India’s service sector is also growing very rapidly. The Delhi Call Center at right is typical of the outsourcing done by many Western firms. India has millions of low paid blue-collar workers and millions of white collar, high tech. workers Delhi-call center/ Bihar, India Steel Mill-red smoke/Shanghai Steel Mill

Homework Begin working on Ch#12 Guided Reading pt.II. Ch#12 Test is on Monday March 30th

AP Human Geography 3/24/15 http://mrmilewski.com OBJECTIVE: Practice AP Exam. APHugAll Language objective: Write about human geography. I. Administrative Stuff -attendance II. AP Practice Test -75 multiple choice practice test Homework: Complete reading Chapter#12 Notice: 51 Days until the AP Test May 15th

Homework Continue working on Ch#12 Guided Reading pt.II. Ch#12 Test is on Monday March 30th

AP Human Geography 3/25/15 http://mrmilewski.com OBJECTIVE: Continue examination the changes in industrial production. APHugVI.A.2 Language objective: Write about industry. I. Journal#80pt.A -Watch the following: -Is New Technology Chipping Away at Scope of the American Workforce? II. Practice Map Test III. Journal#80pt.B -notes on the changes in industrial production IV. Journal#80pt.C -notes on the fall of planned economies in the UK Notice: 50 Days until the AP Test May 15th

Pre-Post Test Re-take In your last attempt to for the Practice AP Exam, so the following will occur: It is graded, out of 10 points Raw score of 50+ = 15 points Score of 40+ = 12 points Score of 30+ = 10 points Score of less than 30 = 7 points -THIS IS SERIOUS TO US teachers. You should score AT LEAST a 30 out of 75 on this…

Where are the Major Industrial Belts in the World Today and Why? Idle steel mill in Pennsylvania, part of the American Rust Belt

Deindustrialization – a process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and work through a period of high unemployment. Abandoned street in Liverpool, England, where the population has decreased by one-third since deindustrialization

Newly Industrialized China – major industrial growth after 1950-Soviet planners helped from 1949 to 1964 Industrialization in the last half of 20th cent. was state-owned and planned: focus on: Northeast district-Dongbei Shanghai and Chang district Today, industrialization is spurred by companies that move production (not the whole company) to take advantage of Chinese labor and special economic zones (SEZs). Rapid growth on the Pacific Rim

As China’s economy continues to grow, old neighborhoods (right) are destroyed to make room for new buildings (below). Beijing, China

Left-Chinese industrial air conditioner plant Right-Singapore container port

What is the Service Economy, and Where are Services Concentrated? Service economy is activity associated with provided services such as transportation, banking, retailing, education and office-based jobs. New Influences on Location-less tied to energy sources, information technologies don’t need to be close to market-some personal services do need to be near market New Influences on Location: - Information technologies - Less tied to energy sources - Market accessibility is more relevant for some and less relevant for others because of telecommunications - Presence of Multinational Corporations Economic activity associated with the provision of services – such as transportation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-based jobs.

Proctor & Gamble put their office in nearby Fayetteville, Arkansas. Wal-Mart Requires producers of goods to locate offices in the Bentonville, Arkansas (Wal-Mart’s headquarters) area in order to negotiate deals with Wal-Mart. Proctor & Gamble put their office in nearby Fayetteville, Arkansas.

Nike-Headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon, Nike has never produced a shoe in Oregon. Beginning in the 1960s, Nike contracted with an Asian firm to produce its shoes. Skopje, Macedonia-The swoosh is ubiquitous, but where is the shoe produced? Nike has a global network of international manufacturing and sales.

Commanding Heights The 20th century was the story about the rise an fall of planned economies. The Commanding Heights is heavy industry: steel, coal, railroads. You will see the fall of planned economies in the United Kingdom today. Pay attention!!!

Homework Continue working on Ch#12 Guided Reading pt.II. Ch#12 Test is on Monday March 30th

AP Human Geography 3/26/15 http://mrmilewski.com OBJECTIVE: Examine Industry & Services. APHugVI.A.2 Language objective: Write about industry. II. Quiz#50 III. Film: Commanding Heights Day#3 -notes on film about industrialization Notice: East and SE Asia Map Test TOMORROW Notice: Chapter#12 Test Monday March 30th Notice: 49 Days until the AP Test May 15th

Homework Continue working on Ch#12 Guided Reading pt.II & study for the Asia Map Test. Ch#12 Test is on Monday March 30th

AP Human Geography 3/27/15 http://mrmilewski.com OBJECTIVE: Complete examination of industrial production. APHugVI.A.2 Language objective: Write about high technology. I. Journal#81 pt.A -Watch the following: -60 Minutes Rare Earths 3/22/15 II. East and SE Asia Map Test III. Journal#81 pt.B -finish notes on high technology Notice: Chapter#12 Test Monday March 30th Notice: 48 Days until the AP Test May 15th

High-Technology Corridors An area designated by local or state government to benefit from lower taxes and high-technology infrastructure with the goal of providing high-technology jobs to the local population. eg. Silicon breast Valley, California Technopole – an area planned for high technology where agglomeration built on a synergy among technological companies occurs. eg. Route 128 corridor in Boston

Plano-Richardson, Texas Telecom Corridor is just north of Dallas

Production of Televisions Three key elements in television production: Research and design Manufacturing components Assembly Production of televisions has shifted across the world over time. Right-Zenith Plant in Reynosa, Mexico

Electronic Computer Industry Computers and computer parts manufacturing requires a highly-skilled labor force. It is concentrated in the Northeast, South and West Coast in areas where universities and research facilities are located. Computer and parts manufacturing requires highly skilled workers and capital. It is clustered in the Northeast and the West Coast.

Nat. Geog. July, 06

Call Center in New Delhi, India-computer manufacturer for US & UK

Maquiladora in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico repairs telephones for AT&T

Motor Vehicle Parts Plants American owned parts plants are clustered near the final assembly plants in the Rust Belt. Foreign-owned plants tend to be located further south, where labor unions are weaker, wages, taxes and regulations are lower. U.S.-owned parts plants are clustered near the main final assembly plants. Foreign-owned plants tend to be located further south, where labor unions are weaker.

Change in Steel Production, 1973–2002 Steel production has declined in the core and increased in the semiperiphery and periphery, especially in China, India, Brazil and South Korea Steel production has generally declined in MDCs and increased in LDCs, especially in China, India, Brazil, and South Korea

Steel Production, 1973 & 2002 About 60% of global steel production took place in the Core in 2002 compared to 90% in 1973. Growth of steel manufacturing in China has been especially dramatic. About 60% of global steel production takes place in MDCs in 2002, compared to 90% in 1973. Growth of steel manufacturing in China has been especially dramatic.

Homework Complete Ch#12 Guided Reading pt.II & study for the Ch#12 Test. Ch#12 Test is on Monday March 30th