Chpt 3 Models of Earth

3.1 Modeling the Planet pg 44 Maps: Cartographers: Projections:

Activity: Maps from Round Objects 3. How does the shape of the line you have drawn compare with the shape of the seam on the baseball? 4. What happens to the size and shape of areas on a globe when a map is made? 5. Why is it difficult to reproduce Earth accurately on a map? 1. What do you observe about the line on the paper? 2. How does the length of the line you have drawn compare with the length of the seam on the ball?

What is distortion? Map projections: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LcyMemJ3dE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4wgFSHZXBg Distortion: shapes are not correct or distance is wrong There are limitless Map projections Depends on what map is being used for

3.1 Map Projections: Partner read/notes Pgs 44-45 Mercator Projection: Distorts: Used for: Picture: Distort near pole, show true directions as straight lines Useful for navigation Gnomonic Projection: Distorts land mass away from center point show shortest distance between two points Useful for ocean/air voyages Polyconic: Latitude and longitude are curved, landforms have true shape/size compared to each other. Useful for mapping large areas

Identifying places on Earth How do we identify location on Earth? What is the most common grid system used? Read page 46, take notes on Latitude and Longitude. Draw picture of Earth with lines.

Latitude and Longitude Latitude: circle from east to west. Equator: line that separates Earth from Northern and Southern hemisphere Longitude: run from north and south between poles Prime meridian: Divides Eastern and Western Hemisphere ***look at globe

Practice

Practice

Battleship!

Map Scale Scale of map tells you how the features compare in size to Earth’s surface Usually shown as a ratio EX: 1 inch on map=1 mile on earth Measure 2 inches on map, so 2 inches=2miles

Map Scale

Map Scale Examples 1 map:100,000 earth 100,000 inches= _____ feet ***12 inches=1 foot 8333 feet= _____ miles ***5280 feet=1 mile 1 inch=1.57 miles

Practice ***12 inches=1 foot ***5280 feet=1 mile 1 map: 250,000 earth 250,000 inches/12=20833 feet 20833 feet/5280= 3.9 miles 1: 100 1:200,000 1:50,000

Map Scale Work on map scale pacing out classroom/outside

Practice measuring distance/scale on a map

Measure Distance on Map Use map scale to find distance between two points Look at a map, measure distance. Figure out distance on map and then distance on earth Convert to feet or miles

Distance on Map 12inches=1 foot 5280 feet=1mile 1. What is the scale (ratio)? 2. Convert to miles 3. Measure the distance from Jones Tank to Bootlegger Spring. Distance on map? Distance on earth? 4. Measure the distance from Morman Mtn Tank to Bootlegger Spring. Distance on map? Distance on earth?

Pg 48:Take notes on plane table Draw map of courtyard Mapmaking Pg 48:Take notes on plane table Draw map of courtyard Pg: 48 Radar notes and video Finish notes on mapmaking and technology Traditional First Technology Current Technology Plane Table: Photographs from Airplanes: Satellite Radar: GPS: GIS:

Radar Radio Detection And Ranging Radar device sends out a radio signal. Signal bounces off an object is reflected back https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ywDE57CtaTM

Map Making and Technology PG: 48-51 Traditional First Technology Current Technology Plane Table: Photographs from Airplanes: Satellite Radar: GPS: GIS:

Satellite Orbits Earth, records data from Earth’s surface Measure light waves Computers convert the data to pixels (electronic dots), then usable images

GPS (global positioning system) 3 parts: satellites, control, user. GPS receiver determines the time it took for signal to reach the receiver. With different satellites signals, GPS receiver uses triangulation to compute exact location

GIS (Geographic Information system) GIS is a computer system that assembles, stores, manipulates and displays data.

Use for technology/careers Read pg 51---Notes on Land Surveyor What do they do? What technology do they use? GIS Example: http://nationalatlas.gov/mapmaker Read pg 52---get more notes on GIS How can GIS be used to provide useful information?

Careers Exploring Careers in GIS: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7tK9CjRmIo How is technology/GIS used? ---make list of at least 5 ways GPS/GIS is being used What are the roles of computer and satellites in map making?

Help Wanted: Cartographer, Land Surveyor, Scientist, etc. General info on what a mappers do (pg 51, 52) Find patters and relationships, interpret gfitures and data, etc. SKILLS: What do you need to know? —explain GPS and GIS. How will you be using GPS/GIS? Use your notes, video notes, and pg 50

3.2 Sec Review Page 51, #1-3 Topographic Maps Read pg 53---notes from each paragraph

Topographic Maps Shows the topography (natural and human made surface features) Shows the shape of Earth’s surface Scale of 1:24000 1 inch represents ___feet so shows good detail

Rules for contour lines Look at WS/LAB

How to Read A Topographic Map Contour Lines Narrow lines on a map that indicate the elevation Connect points of the same elevation Index contour lines have the elevation written Lines are evenly spaced, called contour interval (interval units given on map)

Scale and Contour Intervals

How to Read A Topographic Map Slope Distance between contour lines shows you slope Lines far apart the landscape is flat Lines close together it is steep Blue Isobath lines show depths of the water Hatchmarks point toward the center of a depression

Reading Contour Lines

Reading Contour Lines What is the contour interval? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owwqUYx_o3k