Nziku, Z.C.; Asheim, L.J.; Mwaseba, D. ; EIK, L.O. and Kifaro, G. Agricultural production systems in Mgeta, Mvomero District of Tanzania SUA/Noragric/NILF

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 2 SYNOPSIS  Intro: Mgeta and study justification  Challenges and questions  Objective  Methods  Mapping production systems in Mgeta  Conclusion and further work Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 3  Located on the western side of the Uluguru mountains, 60km from Morogoro town  High altitude m with relatively cool weather  Rain: Sept.-May-270d, dry:Jun.-Aug.95d  About 84% of work force depend on small farming  Agriculture is largely market driven  A wide range of horticultural crops and fruits Introduction: About Mgeta Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 4  Manual field work in very steep slopes  Vegetables - livestock integration (25yrs for DGTs)  Adapted to rain and dry season cycles  NDGTs & crosses-predominant breed  Local goats are mainly for upgrading  >1500 NDGTs and crosses in 2003 (Tchenzema and Nyandira)  Some pigs and poultry also common Introduction: Mgeta agric.. Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 5  No possibility for land expansion due to:  Water catchment area for Morogoro and other lowland areas  Important forest reserve area  Steep slopes require investments  Risk of erosion in steep slopes  Need for more permanent vegetation Intro. Study justification Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 6 Challenges o Climate change awareness, o increased population, o intensive production systems, o competition for water with other areas, o poverty and malnutrition. All these might work together in Mgeta! Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES  How to cope with the present situation in the best possible way?  Can integrated dairy goat systems become viable economically and environmentally?  This study aimed at developing a model of such integrated systems  We start by a questionnary to farmers regarding economic and environmental constraints 7 Questions and objective Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 8 Methods: Study area map Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 9  Purposive sampling technique used  A structured questionnaire developed and used  GPS was used to find plot size  Amount and cost of crop input and output according to plot and season quantified  Revenue from harvest by plot season investigated  Mineral fertilizer, manure and spray use counted  Working h for each crop estimated  Working h livestock management estimated Methods Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 10  Multipurpose trees, crop residue use enumerated  Animal feeding design, inputs, h required, outputs (milk, live animals and meat) quantified Methods Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES  Common with > two plots, 0.5 acres  Walking time is 0.20, 0.23 and 1.16 h to the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd plots  Hand hoe used in field work  The MPPT are mainly found around home 11 Results: Plot characteristics Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 12  In addition to mixed cropping, farmers keep NDGTs, pigs and poultry  Some traditional irrigation is taking place  Intercropping common e.g. beans & maize  Only 32% of the respondent use crop residues for livestock Use of inputs per plot (0.5acre) per season  370kg manure  20kg mineral fertilizers  1.12kg spray Mapping Crop production Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 13 Amount of crop seeds (kg) per 0.5 acre Cost of inputs (TSH) per 0.5 acre Crop yields (kg) per 0.5 acre Mapping Crop input, cost & harvest Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) MaizeBeansG.peasCabbageTomatoesPotatoesOthers Rain Dry MaizeBeansG. peasCabbageTomatoesPotatoesOthersManureFertilizerSprayLabourIrrigationTerracing Rain Dry MaizeBeansG. peasCabbageTomatoesPotatoesOthers Rain Dry

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 14  Av. head size: 5, 4 & 3 for DGTs, MGTs and Pigs  Tethering (DGT, MGT), indoor (DGT, MGT &Pigs) and scavenging (Poultry)  On av. 1 L milk/milking per day from one DGT(300days LL) NDGTs and by-products market price  Raw milk sold at 1000/L  Yoghurt at 2000/L  Live F kid at 150,000TZS three months age  Live M kid at < 150,000TZS three months age Mapping Livestock production: Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 15 Opportunities for increased milk from DGT  Improved marketing for milk and milk products  More milk added values  More MPPTs and improved fodders  More concentrates  Good policy in favour of DGTs  Capacity building to extension agents & farmers  Farmers involvement in DGTs breeding programs Mapping Livestock production Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 16 Common fruit trees around home field:  Plums (Prunus spp)  Peaches (Prunus persica)  Pears (Pyrus spp)  Apples (Malus spp)  Banana (Musa spp) Trees and grasses at borders and communal land  Mulberry (morus spp) (goats feeding)  Leucaena spp – (goats feeding)  Pennisetum spp –(Grass for feeding) MPPTs and Grass Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 17 Livestock inputs and revenue Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Amount of inputs kg per Year Animal specie ConcentratesDrugs Dairy goats Meat goats Pigs Animal specie Cost of inputs TZS Per Year ConcentratesDrugsOthers Total Dairy goats Meat goats Pigs

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 18 Hours required for cropping per season per 0.5 acre Hours required for livestock per animal/year Labour requirement Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Land Prep.PlantingWeedingFertilizerPesticidesIrrigateHarvestTransport Total Rain Dry Feed prep.FeedingHerdingTetheringMilkingCleaning Total Dairy goats Meat goats Pigs

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 19  Crop-livestock is a potential system for improving the livelihood of people in Mgeta  Intensification of DGTs and more MPPT/grass can be an option for economically and environmentally friendly farming in the water catchment area Further tasks:  Parameter estimation for the model  Running the model  Findings may be used to examine the economic and environmental impacts of the production systems and develop policy measures for more C sequestration Conclusion and further work Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 20 THANK YOU FOR LISTENING THE END Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)