National Mine Safety and Health Academy John G. Tyler 304-256-3541 SURFACE HAULAGE National Mine Safety and Health Academy John G. Tyler 304-256-3541

Surface Powered Haulage Analysis Of Surface Powered Haulage Accidents January 1, 1990 to July 1, 1996

Scope of Analysis Surface Powered Haulage Accidents Self-propelled Mobile Equipment Serious Accidents

Accident Review MSHA Accident and Injury Reports MSHA Fatal Accident Reports Mine Operator Accident Reports (Part 50) U.S. Bureau of Mines Studies

Summary of Findings 4,397 Haulage Accidents 1,300 Truck Accidents 640 Truck Accidents Resulting in Traumatic Injury 139 Fatal Accidents

Major Factors Steep Road Gradients vs. Load Limits Dump Locations Roadway and Dump Berms Defective Equipment Maintenance Practices Obstructed Visibility Truck Loading and Unloading Practices

Common Accident Causes Fatalities Road Gradients Exceeding 7% 36 Brakes or Steering Failure 20 Trucks Overturning at Dumps 25 Obstructed Vision 15

SURFACE HAULAGE FATALS -1994 THROUGH 1997 Total=161 This total includes classifications (such as machinery) that involved people that were in some way working on, near, or under haulage equipment or performing a haulage function such as grading a haulroad or repairing a truck. They were all haulage related.

Surface Loading And Haulage Includes: Roadways including those providing access to pit areas, dump sites, stockpiles, and reclamation areas. Trucks off-road, highway, service, delivery, mantrip Endloaders Conveyors Shovels electric, hydraulic

SURFACE LOADING and HAULAGE INCLUDES: cont’d Crane carriers (these accidents are classified as machinery) Scrapers Back-hoes, gradalls, excavaters, dozers (accidents will be classified as machinery but these pieces are used on fills, to maintain roadways,drainage, etc.- all functions directly related to haulage operations)

Surface Loading and Haulage cont’d Draglines (accidents are not classified as haulage) -but, the operations can affect haulage operations. Endloaders are used for cleaning drag pits , in certain applications, moving cable trees and cables, and as ground pieces. Drag maintenance is dependent on service trucks and rubber- tired cranes.

Surface Loading and Haulage: cont’d Graders Service trucks tire trucks, flat beds, grease trucks, fuel trucks,welding trucks, mechanic trucks, and water trucks. Barges

MINING INDUSTRY FATALS 1994-1997 Total fatals=358 Total surface mine fatals=232 Total surface haulage fatals=161 45% of all mine fatals were surface haulage related 69% of all surface mine fatals were haulage related

SURFACE HAULAGE FATALS 1994-1997 Trucks= 63 Crushers= 5 Maintenance= 19 Draglines= 3 Dozers= 10 Endloaders= 13 Tire work= 5 Graders= 1 Trains= 5 Excavators= 2 Small vehicles= 13 Forklifts= 1 Conveyors= 15 Scrapers= 1 Cranes= 3 Shovels= 2

WHERE ARE FATALS OCCURRING AT SURFACE MINES? Trucks= 39% Cranes=2% Haulage Maintenance=12% Draglines=2% Conveyors=9% Shovels=1% Endloaders=8% Small Vehicles=8% Tire Work=3% Trains=3% Crushers=3%

What were these people doing when they were killed?

Truck Drivers While driving the truck; traveled out of roadway (some went in water and drowned and others went over embankement ) were not wearing a seat belt ( thrown out or jumped out of truck ) lost control on steep grade overtraveled over the edge of a dump

Truck Drivers (cont’d) While driving raised bed into energized power lines ( in one case raised tarp rigging into power ) did not secure bed in travel position before moving pulled in front of moving train at crossing did not use positive two way communication

Truck Drivers (cont’d) Other work with truck; out of truck on ground and was ran over with other equipment fell off top of truck ran over by truck because park brake did not hold or was not set unloading truck and struck by load truck caught on fire under bed when it fell

Truck Drivers (cont’d) Other work with truck; tried to catch runaway truck and was run over by truck load shifted on truck while driving and mashed cab and driver

Maintenance Related To Haulage Working under raised equipment not secured or blocked Not in clear when equipment started or moved Electric equip. not locked out ( blocked against movement) Fire welding or using torches Tire maintenance not considered here

Endloaders Lost control on steep grade Caught by boom or bucket Riding outside cab Traveled out of road or over edge of dump Not wearing seat belt Ran over another person on ground

Powered Haulage Issues Pre- Operational Equip.Check Maintenance/Brake Adj. System Leaks, Hyd.& Air. Low Air Warning System. Steering System (Emergency)

Powered Haulage Cont. Haul Roads & Dumping Sites Visibility Communications Industry Statistics