INF GR / PS / 70 1 Current Status in Korea for Pedestrian Safety Rule-making Researches Ministry of Construction and Transportation Republic of Korea

INF GR / PS / 70 2 CONTENTS I.Accident Assessments II.Research Activities for Pedestrian III. III.Harmonization Activities

INF GR / PS / 70 3 I. Accident Assessment

INF GR / PS / 70 4 Korea Pedestrian Fatality 37.2%(2000): 3,890(10,236) 43.5%(2002): 3,086(7,090) Need Pedestrian Regulation for Domestic Environment Consider Current Technology and Maker’s Preparations Must be Harmonized with Europe/IHRA 1. Backgrounds

INF GR / PS / Trends of Vehicle Increments

INF GR / PS / Frequency of Traffic Accidents

INF GR / PS / Trends of Traffic Accident Fatalities

INF GR / PS / Trends of Traffic Accident Fatalities (Number of Fatalities / 1 Million Vehicles)

INF GR / PS / Trends of Traffic Accident Injuries

INF GR / PS / Trends of Traffic Accident Injuries (Number of Injuries / 1 Million Vehicles)

INF GR / PS / Trends of Accident Types - Fatalities Vehicle vs. Pedestrian

INF GR / PS / Vehicle vs. Pedestrian 9. Trends of Accident Types (Number of Fatalities / 1 Millions Vehicles)

INF GR / PS / Trends of Pedestrian Accident Types - Fatalities

INF GR / PS / ’02 Year Accident Types - Fatalities Pedestrian vs. Vehicle Total Fatalities: 7,090

INF GR / PS / ’02 Year Pedestrian Accident Types - Fatalities Accidents While Crossing

INF GR / PS / ’02 Pedestrian Accident by Vehicle Types - Injuries Sedan Type Vehicles

INF GR / PS / ’02 Pedestrian Accident by Vehicle Types - Fatalities Sedan Type Vehicles

INF GR / PS / ’02 Pedestrian Injured Body - Injured Head Neck Lo. Leg

INF GR / PS / ’02 Pedestrian Injured Body - Fatalities Head Neck Lo. Leg

INF GR / PS / II. Research Activities for Pedestrian in Korea

INF GR / PS / Feasibility Study for P/S Device Feasibility Study for P/S Device P/S Impactor Develop P/S Impactor Develop Safety Technology Join Int’l. Harmonization P/S Politic & Strategy P/S Evaluation Protocol P/S Evaluation Protocol Goal Application Safety Criteria 1. Objective of Research

INF GR / PS / Research Scopes Impact Test Simulation Evaluation Rules Accident Analysis Criteria & Test Methods Expert Group International Activities Equip. Fabrication Design & Analysis Develop Test Device Evaluation with Others Issues Problems Feasibility Study for P/S Devices Test & Evaluation Device Fabrication Design & Analysis

INF GR / PS / (’05.4) Propose Head Criteria (’05.4) Propose Head Criteria Stage 1 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 2 Stage 1 Stage 2 ’04 (’ ) Head Protection (’ ) Head Protection (’05-’06.12) Head NPRM (’05-’06.12) Head NPRM After 2010 Legs Rule Application After 2010 Legs Rule Application (’07.12) Propose Legs Criteria (’07.12) Propose Legs Criteria (’ ) Legs NPRM (’ ) Legs NPRM (’09) Head Rule Application (’09) Head Rule Application (’06) (’ ) Legs Protection (’ ) Legs Protection 3. Plan for P/S Rule-Making Activities

INF GR / PS / Expected Plans for Pedestrian Safety Stage Stage Head R&D Start Head Rule Study Head R&D Start Head Rule Study Final Head Rule Apply Head, Leg Rule Apply From 1996 Euro-NCAP 2003 J-NCAP (Head) Leg Rule and Criteria Study Since ’90 R&D Start EUREUR EUREUR KOREAKOREA KOREAKOREA MOCT NCAP Study (Head) K-NCAP (Head ) MOCT Rule-making (Head) April July After After 2009 ‘09 Head Rule may Applicable ‘09 Head Rule may Applicable MOCT (Leg) April 2008 Dec. JPNJPN JPNJPN 1990’s After 2010 Leg Rule may Applicable After 2010 Leg Rule may Applicable Leg R&D Start Leg Rule Study Leg R&D Start Leg Rule Study

INF GR / PS / Vary to Vehicles in Pedestrian Responses Vary to Vehicles in Pedestrian Responses Different Impact Speed, Angles Different Impact Speed, Angles Various Test Methods 1) 2) Evaluate Domestic Vehicles in terms of GTR Classification Bon. Angle > 30° BLE height > 835mm Category 3 1 Box No Yes Category 2 SUV Category 1 Sedan Korean Vehicle ? YY N N 5. GTR Vehicle Classification

INF GR / PS / Sedan Corridor 5-1. Vehicle Classification(Sedan) KOREA Sedan Corridor IHRA/Japan Sedan Corridor

INF GR / PS / Classification KoreaIHRA/Japan LowerUpperLowerUpper BL(mm) BCH(mm) LEH(mm) Bon. Length(mm) Bon. Angle(˚) Win. Angle(˚) Comparison of Sedan Corridor IHRA/Japan Sedan Corridor KOREA Sedan Corridor IHRA/Japan Definition Sedan: Bon. Angle < 30˚ & LEH < 835mm 5-2. Vehicle Classification (Sedan) AngleSedanSUV1box Child65 ˚ 60 ˚ 25 ˚ Adult65 ˚ 90 ˚ 50 ˚

INF GR / PS / IHRA/Japan SUV Corridor KOREA SUV Corridor Classification KoreaIHRA/Japan LowerUpperLowerUpper BL(mm) BCH(mm) LEH(mm) Bon. Length(mm) Bon. Angle(˚) Win. Angle(˚) Comparison of SUV Corridor 5-3. Vehicle Classification (SUV) IHRA/Japan Definition SUV: Bon. Angle 835mm

INF GR / PS / IHRA/Japan 1 BOX Corridor KOREA 1 BOX Corridor Classification KoreaIHRA/Japan LowerUpperLowerUpper BL(mm) BCH(mm) LEH(mm) Bon. Length(mm) Bon. Angle(˚) Win. Angle(˚) Comparison of 1 BOX Corridor IHRA/Japan Definition 1 Box: Bonnet Angle > 30˚ 5-4. Vehicle Classification (1Box)

INF GR / PS / Vehicle Class 1. Current Vehicle Class: 1.5 Box 2. IHRA Vehicle Class: SUV Counter-measure Method LS-Dyna Simulation: FE Headform : ACEA Child / EEVC Adult Child: Impact Angle: 60°(SUV), 25°(1 Box) Adult: Impact Angle: 90°(SUV), 50°(1 Box) Impact Speed: 32km/h HIC Child: SUV(1082), 1 Box(487) Adult: SUV(756.6), 1 Box(538.9) HIC is influenced significantly by impact angles 5-5. Counter-measure of Vehicle Class for 1.5 Box Type Vehicle (Bonnet Angle <30)

INF GR / PS / Pedestrian Kinematics Simulations Reconstructing Real Accidents Reconstructing Real Accidents Classify Pedestrian Walking Types Classify Pedestrian Walking Types Classify Head Speeds Classify Head Speeds Classify WAD Contours Classify WAD Contours Classify Head Rotation Angles Classify Head Rotation Angles PurposePurpose

INF GR / PS / Child Headform 2.5kg with 32/35/40km/h 7. Injury Assessment in Test Methods Injury Variations Injury Variations Test Tolerance Analysis Test Tolerance Analysis Accuracy of Test Methods Accuracy of Test Methods Targeting Point Clearance Targeting Point Clearance PurposePurpose

INF GR / PS / FE Child Headform 2.5kg/3.5kg & 32/35/40km/h 8. Injury Assessment by Simulations Injury Variations Injury Variations Test Tolerance Analysis Test Tolerance Analysis Effects of Angular Velocity Effects of Angular Velocity Feasibility Study Feasibility Study PurposePurpose

INF GR / PS / Feasibility Study by H-Model   MADYMO: Overall Pedestrian Responses   H-Model Simulation: Detailed Injury Mechanism (Full Human Model) - Rotation & Flexion of Neck - Angular Rotation of Head - Head Impact Speed - WAD Contours Purpose

INF GR / PS / Components - Control Units (H/W & S/W) - Impact Mechanism - Data Acq. & Processing - Main Frame - Headforms & Legforms Specifications - Develop each Module - Module Integrations 10. Development Test Equipment

INF GR / PS / III. Harmonization Activities

INF GR / PS / Cooperation & Participation Expect to Share & Cooperate with GRSP/IHRA Strengthen MOCT(Korea) International Activities Exchanges Government based Information - Participate Worldwide P/S Expert Regular Meetings Statistical & Technical Information in Vehicle Safety Fields Participations UNECE/WP29 GRSP Meetings UNECE/WP29 GRSP - P/S Informal Group Meeting Join in 1958 Agreements in the near future Possibly Joining ESV/IHRA Member

INF GR / PS / Organization of Korean Expert Group for Pedestrian Research MOCT Professors Researchers KAMA Makers MOCT Professors Researchers KAMA Makers Car Makers KAMA Researchers WP29/GRSP T/F (Korean Delegates) Car Makers KAMA Researchers WP29/GRSP T/F (Korean Delegates) Advisory Committee Advisory Committee Technical Committee Technical Committee Int.l Activities Int.l Activities

Thank You ! Younghan Youn, Ph.D Professor GRSP Informal Korea Delegate Korea University of Technology & Education Jae Wan Lee, Ph.D Senior Researcher GRSP Korea Delegate Office of Safety Research KATRI