New Jersey Crossing Guard Training

INTRODUCTION Why We Need Crossing Guards Goals of the Training Program Primary Responsibilities Duties Shall, Should, May

Why We Need Crossing Guards Children are encouraged to walk and bike to school, yet they are vulnerable to both their own physical and cognitive limitations and to hazardous road situations.

Why We Need Crossing Guards Leading causes of injury-related death for children ages 5 to 14 nationwide: 1. motor vehicle crashes 2. pedestrian injury Shift from 1969 and 2009: % walked or biked to school 12% driven to school % walked or biked to school 44% driven to school (U.S. DOT, 2009)

Why We Need Crossing Guards Until the age of 9 or 10, children lack the motor and cognitive skills required to safely navigate traffic situations. An estimated 30% of the time during which they are operating motor vehicles, drivers are distracted by activities such as cell phone use, texting, or eating. This lack of focus can lead to driving errors.

Goals of the Training Program The principal goal of the training program is to teach candidate guards the procedures and techniques necessary to safely cross student pedestrians.

Goals of the Training Program Upon completion of the course, you will: Understand the perspective of children in traffic Understand the major types of pedestrian crashes Understand the concept of being visible and noticeable Know how to communicate effectively with motorists Consistently use proper crossing techniques Encourage proper crossing behavior by students Deter students from committing unsafe acts Recognize hazardous conditions and other problems and know the proper reporting procedures Take proper actions in emergency situations Know the full extent of their responsibilities and limitations of their authority Exhibit professionalism

Primary Responsibilities Crossing Guards: Provide safe crossings of the roadways. Model correct street skills and behavior for child pedestrians.

Shall, Should, May Statements of practices that are considered required, mandatory, or specifically prohibitive use the verb “shall” or “must.” Statements of recommended, but not mandatory, practice use the verb “should.” Statements of optional practice that carry no requirement or recommendation use the verb “may.”

CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUNG CHILDREN

Characteristics of Young Children Children: narrower field of vision eye level is lower than an adult view may be easily blocked Physical and cognitive abilities of children differ from the abilities of adults and may negatively affect crossing behavior. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Characteristics of Young Children Smaller in stature, not as easily seen by drivers Believe “if I can see it – it can see me.”

Characteristics of Young Children Children hear differently – difficulty determining source or direction of sounds © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Characteristics of Young Children Children: cannot judge motor vehicles speed & distance lack of traffic experience limits ability to perceive dangerous situations © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Characteristics of Young Children Children: concentrate on one thing at a time may not give street crossing full attention will complete any motion they start including crossing the street © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Characteristics of Young Children Children: can overestimate abilities are spontaneous & curious believe they can run faster or change direction than physically possible

Characteristics of Young Children Children pattern actions after others, both good and bad

Characteristics of Young Children with education, children’s traffic skills can improve need assistance until they have gained competency

TRAFFIC LAWS AND REGULATIONS Laws, Regulations, Policies Stop and Stay Stopped Yield to Pedestrians Crosswalks Motor Vehicle Laws School Zone Pedestrian Laws Bicyclist Laws

Stop and Stay Stopped Motorists must stop and remain stopped to allow a pedestrian to cross the roadway within a marked crosswalk, when the pedestrian is upon, or within one lane of, the half of the roadway upon which the vehicle is traveling or onto which it is turning.

Yield to Pedestrian Motorists must yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian crossing the roadway within any unmarked crosswalk at an intersection. Exceptions: At crosswalks when the movement of traffic is being regulated by police officers or traffic control signals, or Where otherwise regulated by municipal, county, or State regulation, and Where a pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossing has been provided

Crosswalk Defined Every intersection has a crosswalk whether marked or unmarked NJSA 39:1-1

If not marked, crosswalks are continuations of the sidewalks or curb/edge of roadway across the intersection. “Marked Crosswalk”

Pedestrians and Vehicles Pedestrians shall not cross a roadway against the "stop" or red signal at a crosswalk. No pedestrian shall walk into the path of a vehicle which is so close that it is impossible for the driver to yield or stop. Every pedestrian upon a roadway at any point other than within a marked crosswalk or within an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles upon the roadway. A pedestrian crossing or starting across the intersection on a “go” or green signal, and who is still within the crosswalk when the signal changes, has the right of way until the pedestrian has reached the opposite curb or place of safety. NJSA 39:4-32

Pedestrians and Vehicles Whenever any vehicle is stopped to permit a pedestrian to cross the roadway, the driver of any other vehicle approaching from the rear shall not overtake and pass such stopped vehicle. Nothing shall relieve a driver from the duty to exercise due care for the safety of any pedestrian upon a roadway. Nothing shall relieve a pedestrian from using due care for his safety. In the event of a collision between a vehicle and a pedestrian within a marked crosswalk, or at an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection, there shall be a permissive inference that the driver did not exercise due care for the safety of the pedestrian. NJSA 39:4-32

Pedestrians and Vehicles Drivers making a right turn on red or at a “stop” sign must stop and stay stopped for pedestrians crossing the road in a marked or unmarked crosswalk into which the driver is turning. NJSA 39:4-115

Pedestrians and Vehicles No driver shall turn right at a “stop” sign or “yield” sign unless the driver stops and remains stopped for pedestrians crossing the road in a marked or unmarked crosswalk into which the driver is turning. NJSA 39:4-144

Motor Vehicle Laws Motorists must obey signals from the STOP paddle wielded by school crossing guards. The STOP paddle is an official sign under New Jersey law. NJSA 39:1-1

School Zone Motorists must obey the posted speed limits and be attentive and cautious when pedestrians are present, or likely to be present, especially in school zones. NJSA 39:4-98

School Zone The speed limit is 25 mph in a school zone during recess, when children are clearly visible from the roadway, or while children are going to or leaving school (during opening or closing hours). The only exception is when a lower speed limit is posted. NJSA 39:4-98

School Zone

Bicycles, Scooters, Skateboards Children on bicycles, scooters or skateboards should: Dismount before crossing and walk across street o avoids conflicts among crossing children o allows guard and children to be more attentive & react quickly to traffic hazards Anyone under 17 who rides bikes or wheeled sports equipment must wear a helmet at all times. (NJSA 39:4-10.1)

CROSSING PROCEDURES Directing Traffic? Gap Assessment Cone/Marker Placement Standard Crossing Protocol Proper Search Pattern Preparing Students to Cross Use of STOP Paddle Difficult Situations Courtesy Crossing of Adult Pedestrians

Directing Traffic? Crossing guards shall not direct traffic, but rather, they shall choose opportune times to create sufficient gaps in the traffic flow. At these times, they shall stand in the roadway to indicate that pedestrians are about to use or are using the crosswalk, and that all vehicular traffic must stop. FHWA MUTCD 7D.05

Gap Assessment Guards cross children by: o identifying adequate gaps in traffic o creating gaps by entering the crosswalk with the STOP paddle Guards are placed at intersections where there is sufficient traffic to require the creation of gaps. If forced to wait too long at a crosswalk, children may become impatient.

Gap Assessment You must be able to predict the vehicle stopping distance, or the distance required for motorists o to see you, o to recognize the need to stop, o to apply the brake in a reasonable manner, and o to bring the vehicle to a halt. A marker on the roadway or roadside (for example, cone, signage, pole, etc.) may help with deciding when a gap is sufficient to stop traffic. Allow for greater vehicle stopping distances in rainy, snowy, wet and icy conditions.

Cone/Marker Placement Speed Limit (mph) Distance (ft) Assuming no significant hills, this table shows where to place a cone or marker based on vehicle speeds Distances are measured from nearest crosswalk line to where the marker is to be placed These distances hold for dry pavement and daylight

Traffic Cone/Sign or Marker Clearly Marked Crosswalk 102’ Example: 25 mph (actual speed, dry road conditions) Crossing Guard Cone/Marker Placement

Standard Crossing Protocol Start to cross only when vehicle is on the far side of the cone or marker Begin by placing one foot off curb between crosswalk lines Signal to driver by extending the STOP paddle and making eye contact Do not begin to cross in front of vehicle unless driver is clearly slowing to yield/stop for you

Proper Search Pattern Model and reinforce proper crossing behavior: Pause at “traffic edges” beyond which s/he might encounter moving traffic Typically, traffic edges are curbs Where there are parked or stopped vehicles, the traffic edge would extend beyond the curb At each traffic edge, follow proper search pattern

Florida School Crossing Guard Training Program Module -6 / Crossing Techniques Proper Search Pattern LeftRightLeftScan Midblock Crosswalk This search pattern needs to be performed each time a guard begins to cross children. A guard is always the first person in the street and the last person out of the street. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Florida School Crossing Guard Training Program Module -6 / Crossing Techniques Proper Search Pattern LeftRightLeft Over the Shoulder Intersection Crosswalk © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Proper Search Pattern Hazardous driver behaviors that may occur at a guarded crosswalk include: Speeding Driving through a crosswalk Stopping within a crosswalk Encroaching on a crosswalk when making a left turn at a green light Encroaching on a crosswalk when making a right turn on red Failure to yield to pedestrians in an unmarked crosswalk, or failure to stop for pedestrians in a marked crosswalk CROSSING GUARDS SHOULD EXPECT THE UNEXPECTED.

Preparing Students to Cross Talk to the children about safe crossing techniques as they are gathering and waiting to be crossed. Remind them: To scan the street for vehicles. To continue looking while crossing the street until completely out of the roadway. To wait at least one step back from the curb or roadway edge until you have stopped traffic and signaled them to search and proceed. To walk directly across the street at a consistent pace. To walk bicycles and carry skateboards while crossing the street.

Preparing Students to Cross If there are no other markers, mark a line with tape to show children where to stand. Monitor the children if possible to see that they scan for traffic. Praise those who do and encourage those who do not. Watch for students rushing to join the group. Socialize with children while they are on the sidewalk but NOT in the crosswalk. Use bumpy pad to show children where to stand

Use of STOP Paddle 1. When activating the crosswalk, raise the STOP paddle and extend it in front of you so that it is clearly visible to motorists. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Use of STOP Paddle 2. Hold the paddle shoulder-high or higher so that one side is displayed to traffic approaching the crosswalk on the near side of the street (“near-side traffic”), and the other is displayed to traffic approaching the crosswalk on the far side of the street (“far-side traffic”). The paddle leads you into the crosswalk. Look directly at near- side traffic and make sure that it has stopped before proceeding into the near side lane of travel. near side far side © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Use of STOP Paddle 3. Continuing to hold the paddle as described in Step 2, look directly at far-side traffic, turning your head as necessary as you approach the middle of the street. near side far side © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Use of STOP Paddle 4. The STOP paddle should be kept raised while you are in the roadway. Do not switch the STOP paddle from one hand to the other or wave it about while in the roadway. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Difficult Situations If heavy traffic or other conditions make crossing pedestrians difficult, notify your supervisor. Adjustments to crossing procedures may be required. Assistance may be available from police officers who can direct traffic. A consistently hazardous situation may require a traffic study.

Courtesy Crossing of Adult Pedestrians You may cross an adult pedestrian who requests assistance if the crossing does not conflict with your principal duty to cross student pedestrians.

TYPES OF INTERSECTIONS Unsignalized Intersections Unsignalized Midblock Crosswalk Signalized Intersections Signalized Midblock Crosswalk Four or More Lanes Walking School Bus School Safety Patrol

Unsignalized Intersections 1. Curbside assembly: Stand on the curb or behind the edge of the roadway on the side of the street where children approach. Keep children at least one step back from the curb or roadway edge. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Unsignalized Intersections 2. Select an opportune time: Selecting an opportune time may be accomplished by referencing a visual cue "Activate” the crosswalk by placing your foot in the crosswalk or proceeding to the edge of the shoulder or lane line if there are parked cars. With STOP paddle extended wait for the near side travel lane traffic to stop before proceeding © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Unsignalized Intersections 3. Enter the crosswalk: Enter closest travel lane after near side traffic has stopped for you while you are in a safe roadway position. Continue to middle of intersection with STOP paddle extended. The raised STOP paddle leads you to the middle of the roadway. If using a whistle, enter the roadway with whistle in mouth. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Unsignalized Intersections 4. Stop far-side traffic: As you approach the middle of the roadway, check that the STOP paddle is clearly visible to far-side traffic, including any turning traffic. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Unsignalized Intersections 5. Take position: Take a position where you can keep an eye on both traffic and the children. Do not stand in the crosswalk Continue to display the STOP paddle to both approaches Make a final check that traffic on crosswalk approaches has stopped. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Unsignalized Intersections 6. Initiate crossing: Turn your head toward the waiting children and, making eye contact, tell them to search and cross when the way is clear. Remember: Use words to instruct children Use STOP hand signal only for traffic © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Unsignalized Intersections 7. Maintain position: Ensure that no driver crosses the crosswalk before the last child in the group has reached the opposite curb or roadway edge. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Unsignalized Intersections 8. Return to the starting curb: Remain alert for traffic and continue to display the STOP paddle until you have left the roadway. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Florida School Crossing Guard Training Program Module -6 / Crossing Techniques Unsignalized Midblock Crosswalk © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Signalized Intersections 1. Curbside Assembly Stand on the sidewalk or edge of road on the side of the street that students will cross. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Signalized Intersections 2. Activate signal As students gather, push the “WALK” button if available. Instruct the students to wait one step back from the curb or roadway edge until given the signal to begin the crossing process. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Signalized Intersections 3. Enter roadway After completing the search and determining that it is safe to do so, enter the street with a "fresh" green or "WALK" signal and face the intersection on the crosswalk line nearest to the center of the street. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Signalized Intersections 4. Ensure traffic is stopped: Walk toward the middle of the street, alerting traffic on all approaches (including those that might make left or right turns onto the crosswalk) by holding STOP paddle high © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Signalized Intersections 5. Take position: Position in the middle of the street, just outside the crosswalk on the side closest to the intersection, continuing to display the STOP paddle to both approaches. Make a final check that traffic on both approaches has stopped. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Signalized Intersections 6. Initiate crossing: When the traffic stops, verbally instruct the students to begin their search (left, right, left and over their shoulder for turning traffic) and to cross when safe. Instruct the students to continue walking if the signal changes to a flashing "Don't Walk." © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Signalized Intersections 7. Maintain position: Wait with the STOP paddle extended until the students have finished crossing the road. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Signalized Intersections 8. Return to the starting curb: Return to the edge of the road or curb, lower the STOP paddle, and allow traffic to resume. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Florida School Crossing Guard Training Program Module -6 / Crossing Techniques Signalized Intersections Intersections with a dedicated left-turn arrow need special consideration and evaluation by police and engineers. You need to evaluate the conditions to identify safest crossing procedures. © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Signalized Midblock Crosswalk Signalized midblock crosswalks often have a pedestrian button and/or flashing yellow warning beacons Follow same steps as at a signalized intersection Be aware of the approach with the greater apparent risk of traffic conflict

Florida School Crossing Guard Training Program Module -6 / Crossing Techniques Four or More Lanes Two guards should be assigned if possible One assigned to each traffic stream The guard on the side on which children approach initiates crossing (on side with children) Reverse roles in the afternoon © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Walking School Bus A group of children walking to and from school with one or more trained parent volunteers or walking bus “drivers” Guards maintain a friendly but firm relationship with the adult volunteers Guards are in charge and all pedestrians must obey your commands

School Student Safety Patrols Be familiar with the school district’s policy on student safety patrols. Safety patrol members do not control vehicular traffic or place themselves in the path of vehicular traffic. Members of the school safety patrol do: o control and direct student traffic on school grounds, on sidewalks and paths adjacent to a street or roadway. o keep other students back from the street in a safe place. o keep order in a group preparing to cross. o watch for stragglers and latecomers. o work in cooperation with the signals of the adult crossing guard. The adult crossing guard should: o maintain a friendly but firm relationship with members of the school safety patrol o state requests clearly o encourage members of the school safety patrol to wear their uniforms and to behave appropriately Source: AAA Mid-Atlantic Foundation for Safety and Education

CRASH TYPES Intersection Turns Vehicle Turn/Merge Dart-Out/Dash Multiple Threat/Trapped Through Vehicle at Unsignalized Location Through Vehicle at Signalized Location

76 Controlled Intersection © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Vehicle Turn/Merge Almost always occur at intersections, including driveways Involve a driver who is turning into and merging with traffic, and striking a pedestrian headed in a direction different from the driver’s focus of attention Involve pedestrians of all ages. Source: Federal Highway Administration

Dart-Out/Dash At an intersection or mid-block, a pedestrian darts into the street without scanning for traffic properly. Generally, these collisions occur in residential areas. Mid-block crossings account for 30% of all pedestrian crashes. Source: Federal Highway Administration

Dart-Out/Dash A pedestrian walks or runs into the road and is struck by a motorist whose view was not obstructed. Often involves children ages 5 to 9 who are running across the street. Source: Federal Highway Administration

Multiple Threat/Trapped A pedestrian crossing a multi-lane road is allowed to cross by a driver in one lane is struck by a driver passing the stopped vehicle in the other lane and traveling in the same direction. Source: Federal Highway Administration

Through Vehicle at Unsignalized Location A pedestrian is struck at an unsignalized intersection or midblock location. Either the motorist or the pedestrian may have failed to yield. Source: Federal Highway Administration

Through Vehicle at Signalized Location A pedestrian is struck at a signalized intersection or midblock location by a driver that is traveling straight ahead. Source: Federal Highway Administration

Module -6 / Crossing Techniques Always review the proper search pattern before crossing Maintain control & be alert Always use pedestrian traffic signals if available Always be clear and concise with your hand & verbal signals Establish eye contact Report dangerous vehicle violations Report uncooperative students to supervisor Do not assume that cars will stop Do not assume cars will remain stopped Do not cross students if a vehicle is stopped in the middle of the crosswalk Crossing Duties & Expectations DoDo not

Practicing Crossing Procedures

JOB PERFORMANCE Uniform and Equipment Visible and Noticeable Expectations and Duties

Uniform and Equipment Present a Positive Public Image Be professional in dress and conduct The uniform: Increases visibility, thereby improving job performance Helps to provide an air of professionalism Establishes authority and commands respect

Uniform and Equipment Always wear the Safety Vest High-visibility, retro-reflective Worn outside all other clothing (N.J.S.A. 40A: )

Uniforms and Equipment Always Use STOP Paddle STOP paddles shall be used by all adult crossing guards and shall be the primary hand-signaling device FHWA MUTCD Section 7D.05

Uniforms and Equipment Additional items provided include: Whistle and lanyard Gloves, either white or retroreflective Raingear Spring/winter jacket No umbrellas or other gear that might interfere with the performance of duties may be used

Uniforms and Equipment Whistle use Whistles shall be used at all times to signal drivers or Whistles shall be used at the discretion of the crossing guard to signal drivers, or Whistles shall be used only in case of emergency Whistle use should be consistent among all crossing guards in a municipality. Image: © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Visible and Noticeable Be Visible – wear the retroreflective vest outside all other clothing hold the STOP paddle Be Noticeable – adopt clear & precise behaviors step into the street, hold the STOP sign & extend the other arm make eye contact with motorists Be Consistent – variations may cause confusion

Expectations and Duties Be professional while on duty: Do not smoke or use tobacco products, eat, drink, chew gum, or be under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Do not use a personal cell phone or other electronic device unless necessary to report an emergency. Do not read or listen to music. Do not engage drivers in conversation. Do not use profanity. Do not touch children or allow children to sit in your car. Be an authority figure. Teach by example.

Expectations and Duties Be on time. Call out sick well before you are due at the post. Remain standing at post during hours of duty. Be firm, courteous, and pleasant with children and adults. Leave post at end of shift, unless child pedestrians are approaching the crosswalk.

Expectations and Duties No Idling Idling for more than 3 minutes is prohibited in NJ (with limited exceptions) (NJAC 7: and NJAC 7: )

Expectations and Duties Do not sit in your car at your post Standing at post: Ensures that drivers and pedestrians know a guard is present Allows for quick reaction to unexpected events

HAZARDS, INCIDENTS, EMERGENCIES Post Review Hazards Hazardous Conditions Reporting Hazardous Weather Traffic Incident Reporting Emergencies

Post Review Inspect area of post every day to: identify hazards be familiar with school zone signs and markings, traffic control devices, pedestrian signs and signals

Post Review Sight lines are clear for the guard, pedestrians, and drivers Crosswalks are clearly marked with signs and pavement paint Curbs and streets are free of trip hazards Signs and lights are in good condition Cones and/or signs available if necessary to restrict parking Other issues in vicinity – for example, construction, emergency vehicles, suspicious persons

Hazards Sight obstructions include but are not limited to: parked cars bushes or low-hanging tree branches signal controller boxes signs mail boxes benches trash cans snow banks

Hazards Park your vehicle in a safe and legal place where it will not obstruct your view of traffic or motorists’ view of you, or force pedestrians to walk in an unsafe location. Never Park: (N.J.S.A. 39:4-138) on a crosswalk on a sidewalk within 25 feet of a crosswalk within 50 feet of a STOP sign 25 feet

Hazards Hazards which can force pedestrians to walk in an unsafe location include, but are not limited to: standing water, mud, ice or snow on the sidewalk or curb ramp broken pavement open drainage grates overgrown plants construction debris loose dogs lack of sidewalks parents loading or unloading vehicles vehicles parked across driveways or in crosswalks

Hazards Other hazards speeding motorists inattentive motorists suspicious activity You are the eyes on the street be aware of neighborhood issues report potential problems document date, time, & details of the problem for future reference note who was notified & when

Hazardous Weather Rain, fog, sleet, hail, and snow: reduce visibility for both drivers & pedestrians roads can quickly become slippery crosswalk striping may be slippery stopping distances increase children may run to shelter lightning storms - dangerous & can disrupt operation of traffic signals

Hazardous Weather Rain, fog, sleet, hail, and snow: increased school drop-off and pick-up traffic plowed snow can: o block curb ramps o cause water and slush to accumulate o reduce sight lines for motorists sun glare can impair drivers’ ability to see, particularly in the winter months when the sun is low in the sky

Hazardous Weather Dress appropriately for the weather Wear: boots that provide traction for snow & ice brimmed hat helps to keep rain, snow, and sun out of eyes or off glasses, hats may need to be tied on windy days. no sandals or flip-flops STOP paddles with a long handle may provide stability in wind, ice and snow

Hazardous Weather In adverse weather, take extra precautions: ensure that all traffic is stopped before you step into the road plan an escape route in case you are threatened by vehicles wear the retro-reflective vest on the outside of all clothing no umbrellas

Traffic Incident Reporting Vehicle Information: Color, body style, size model of car License plate number Features of the driver Time and day of incident Reporting persons: Sex Race Age Clothing description Hair color Height, weight, body build Direction of travel You may observe infractions that can endanger yourself and others carry a pen and notepad record a description of the vehicle and driver/other person report infraction to supervisor after shift ends unless it is an emergency do not disrupt crossing of children

Emergencies Vehicle crashes Crashes involving vehicles and pedestrians or bicyclists Sudden illness of pedestrians or motorists Injury of pedestrians or bicyclists Only care for the injured if you are trained to do so: first protect yourself and the children do not attempt to help if you are injured try to prevent additional damage or injury contact authorities © 2010, the State of Florida Department of Transportation

Emergencies In an emergency you should: Remain at the post with the children. Group children to maintain control. Stop crossing the children until the situation is under control. If possible, call 911. If not, ask others to call 911. If a victim can walk, he or she should move out of the road. Otherwise, a victim should not be moved except by qualified emergency medical personnel. Always notify your supervisor as soon as possible of any emergency.

Questions?

Thank You! NJ Department of Transportation NJ Division of Highway Traffic Safety Federal Highway Administration AAA New Jersey Municipal Excess Liability Joint Insurance Fund (NJ MEL) NJ Department of Health, Division of Occupational Safety & Health (OSHA) NJ Highway Traffic Safety Police Advisory Council (HTSPAC) NJ Police Traffic Officers Association (NJPTOA) County and regional police academies