INDONESIA INFRASTRUCTURE INITIATIVE Walking in Indonesian Cities Prof. Leksmono Suryo Putranto IndII National Advisor for IURSP Workshop #3 IURSP Bandung, February 2015

2 Minister of Public Work Regulation No. 03/PRT/M/2014 on Guidelines on Provision and Use of Urban Pedestrian Facilities vs Directore General of Highways Regulation No. 76/KPTS/Db/1999 on Guidelines on Pedestrian Facilities Planning on Public Road

3 Minimum Standard of Side Walk

4 Longitudinal Gradient and Transversal Slopes Maximum longitudinal gradient is 8% with maximum length of 9m followed by at least 1.2 m flat surface. Transversal slope is between 2% and 4%

5 Standard Width of Pedestrian Facilities Land UseMinimum Width (m)Suggested width (m) Residential Office Industry School Bus Station/ Bus Stop Shopping/ Recreation Bridge/ Underpass

6 Side Walk Adjacent to Bicycle Lane

7 Walkability in Yogyakarta (Rahmah, 2012) Most obstacles in side walks were illegal parkings, electricity/telephone poles and potted plants. Most pedestrian felt anxious when crossing the roads because high traffic volume, high traffic speeds and indiscipline drivers/ riders. Most pedestrian felt reluctan to use zebra cross because this facility was rarely found and required additional walking to cross the road.

8 Yogya People’s Expectation (Rahmah, 2012) Minimum side walk width of 1.5 m to accomodate two way pedestrian. Accessibility for pedestrian with disability. Accessibility for elderly pedestrian (flat side walk). Obstacles (including from hawkers) should be minimized. Shading from trees are required to encourage walking.

9 Problems for People Using Wheel Chair Abrupt change of surface elevation such as stairs and side ditch. Availability of ramp from road to side walk. Limited space to make turn. Uneven road or sidewalk surface.

10 Problems of People with Physical Disabilities High stairs Slippery side walks

11 Problems of Blind People Obstacles (trees, poles, oppened window). Availibality/Poor provision of guiding blocks. Unclear audio instructions in pedestrian crossing.

12 Problems of Deaf People Can not hear oral information in terminal/ bus stop. Can not hear audio warning such as car horn or sound of moving vehicles.

13 Problems of People with Mental Disabilities Difficulties to find destination address in unfamiliar neighborhoods

14 Children Crossing Behaviour in Iran (Tabibi and Pfefer, 2014). Objective and Method The aims of the research were to investigate the effect of distractors on the pedestrian skills of children and adults. The pedestrian skill of deciding when it is safe to cross a road (decision-making skill) was assessed by a computer- presented simulated pedestrian task. The pedestrian skills of Grade 2, Grade 4 and Grade 6 children and adults were assessed in three conditions, without distractors, with on-screen distractors and with off-screen distractors.

15 Children Crossing Behaviour in Iran (Tabibi and Pfefer, 2014). Distractors

16 Children Crossing Behaviour in Iran (Tabibi and Pfefer, 2014). Results (1) Off-road distractors, whether visual or auditory, increased the starting-delay of all age groups. No significant difference between off-road-visual and off- road-auditory distractors for any age group except for Grade 6 children. Off-road-auditory distractors increased starting-delay more than off-road-visual distractors for Grade 6 children. Off-road and on-road distractors increased the number of missed opportunities for Grade 2 children.

17 Children Crossing Behaviour in Iran (Tabibi and Pfefer, 2014). Results (2) On-road distractors increased the number of missed opportunities of Grade 4 and Grade 6 children. The increase was greater for Grade 6 children. The number of unsafe crossings was higher in the condition without distractors. Overall, decision-making skills were vulnerable to distractors. The degree of vulnerability differed depending on age and the specific measures of pedestrian skill.

18 Children Crossing Behaviour in Iran (Tabibi and Pfefer, 2014). Starting Delay

19 Printed Materials Available for Children/ Parents Traffic Safety Education For children 3-5 years old For children 6-8 years old For children 9-11 years old Parental guide for 3-5 years old children Parental guide for 6-8 years old children Parental guide for 9-11 years old children

20 Socialization Materials for 3-5 Years Old Actually the basic materials are the same for all age groups. However in for the older age groups, feed back from children are gathered using more complicated method. In some cases there are additional materials.

21 Crossing Facilities

22 Holding Hands while Crossing

23 Crossing Procedure (1)

24 Crossing Procedure (2)

25 Safe Crossing Facilities

26 Unsafe Crossing Location

27 Side Walks

28 Unsafe On-Road Activities

29 Safe Off-Road and On-Road Activities

30 Recommended Colour of Clothing

31 Walking in the Rain

32 Alighting from Public Transport

33 Safe or Unsafe Outdoor Activities?

34 Additional Material for 6-8 Years Old Children

35 Railway Crossing (6-8 Years Old Material)

36 First Aid (6-8 Years Old Material)

37 Additional Material for 9-11 Years Old Children

38 Road Signs (9-11 Years Old Materials)