Chapter 23 Section 2 Section 2

The Second Hundred Days By 1935, Roosevelt wanted to build on programs established during the First Hundred Days. By 1935, Roosevelt wanted to build on programs established during the First Hundred Days. Gains not as great as expected. Gains not as great as expected. New Deal popular and Democrats increased in majority in both houses. New Deal popular and Democrats increased in majority in both houses.

Roosevelt launched the Second New Deal or Second Hundred Days Roosevelt launched the Second New Deal or Second Hundred Days During this phase, the president called on Congress to provide more extensive relief to farmers and workers. During this phase, the president called on Congress to provide more extensive relief to farmers and workers.

Eleanor Roosevelt Social reformer who combined humanitarian impulses with great political skills.

1936 Presidential Election Republicans nominated Alfred Landon Republicans nominated Alfred Landon Criticized FDR and suggested the New Deal be scrapped Criticized FDR and suggested the New Deal be scrapped

Reelecting FDR Democrats nominate FDR who asked if Americans were “better off than four years ago” Democrats nominate FDR who asked if Americans were “better off than four years ago” Overwhelming victory for Democrats. Overwhelming victory for Democrats.

Helping Farmers Congress passed Soil Conservation & Domestic Allotment Congress passed Soil Conservation & Domestic Allotment Paid farmers to cut production of soil-depleting crops like cotton and wheat Paid farmers to cut production of soil-depleting crops like cotton and wheat Rewarded farmers for practicing good soil conservation methods Rewarded farmers for practicing good soil conservation methods

Congress approved second AAA Congress approved second AAA Did not include processing tax to pay for farm subsidies (provision that was declared unconstitutional) Did not include processing tax to pay for farm subsidies (provision that was declared unconstitutional)

By Mid-1930’s 2 out of 5 farms were mortgaged 2 out of 5 farms were mortgaged Thousands small farmers lost their farms Thousands small farmers lost their farms Many small farms became large mechanized farms or were destroyed as the land cleared for new development Many small farms became large mechanized farms or were destroyed as the land cleared for new development

Attempting to help Rural Communities Resettlement Administration Resettlement Administration loan money to small farmers to buy land loan money to small farmers to buy land Hoped it would help tenant farmers settle on productive land Hoped it would help tenant farmers settle on productive land

Replaced by the Farm Security Administration (FSA) – established network of camps for migrant farm workers Replaced by the Farm Security Administration (FSA) – established network of camps for migrant farm workers Made pictorial record of difficult situation in the rural areas. Made pictorial record of difficult situation in the rural areas.

Helping Youth, Professionals, and Others Works Progress Administration (WPA) Works Progress Administration (WPA) Set out to create many jobs as as quickly as possible Set out to create many jobs as as quickly as possible Employed more than 8 million Employed more than 8 million Most workers unskilled Most workers unskilled Built airports, constructed or repaired roads, built libraries, schools, and hospitals Built airports, constructed or repaired roads, built libraries, schools, and hospitals

Women hired to sew clothes for the needy Women hired to sew clothes for the needy “make work” program that created jobs just to provide workers with paychecks “make work” program that created jobs just to provide workers with paychecks Gave working people sense of hope and dignity Gave working people sense of hope and dignity Employed professionals (teachers, writers, actors, etc..) Employed professionals (teachers, writers, actors, etc..)

National Youth Administration (NYA) Created to help young people Created to help young people More than 2 million high school and college students had part- time jobs at their schools More than 2 million high school and college students had part- time jobs at their schools Students received aid and assistance through NYA Students received aid and assistance through NYA Provided work-relief programs for young adults Provided work-relief programs for young adults

January 17, 2008 What programs emerged from the Second New Deal? What programs emerged from the Second New Deal? Review Review Finish Section 2 Finish Section 2 Discuss Quizzes Discuss Quizzes Game Game Homwork: Finish Study Guides Homwork: Finish Study Guides

Improving Labor Conditions After Supreme Court declared NIRA unconstitutional, Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act, more commonly known as the Wagner Act. After Supreme Court declared NIRA unconstitutional, Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act, more commonly known as the Wagner Act.

The Wagner Act Reestablished the NIRA provisions involving collective bargaining. Reestablished the NIRA provisions involving collective bargaining. Government now supports right to join unions Government now supports right to join unions Listed unfair labor practices that companies could not use Listed unfair labor practices that companies could not use Threatening workers, firing union members, etc… Threatening workers, firing union members, etc…

Wagner Act set up NLRB National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) Heard about unfair practices and held elections among workers to find if they wanted union representation. Heard about unfair practices and held elections among workers to find if they wanted union representation.

Fair Labor Standards Act Established maximum hours and minimum wages Established maximum hours and minimum wages National hourly rate of 25 cents an hour and a maximum work week of 44 hours. National hourly rate of 25 cents an hour and a maximum work week of 44 hours.

The Social Security Act One the the most important achievements of the New Deal One the the most important achievements of the New Deal 1. Old-age insurance for retirees 65 or older and their spouses 2. Unemployed compensation system 3. Aid to families with dependent children and the disabled Not a total pension system or complete welfare system Not a total pension system or complete welfare system

Expanding and Regulating Utilities Included laws to promote rural electrification and to regulate public utilities Included laws to promote rural electrification and to regulate public utilities Rural Electrification Administration (REA) Rural Electrification Administration (REA) Created, financed, and to bring electricity to rural areas Created, financed, and to bring electricity to rural areas

The Public Utilities Holding Company Act The Public Utilities Holding Company Act Outlawed pyramiding of holding companies Outlawed pyramiding of holding companies Extremely difficult to enforce Extremely difficult to enforce