Chapter 11: Mental Workload, Stress and Individual Differences: Cognitive and Neuroergonomic Approaches Slide Template.

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Chapter 11: Mental Workload, Stress and Individual Differences: Cognitive and Neuroergonomic Approaches Slide Template

THE NEUROERGONOMIC APPROACH

MENTAL WORKLOAD

Workload Overload Relative/absolute workload Predictive models Workload assessment

Workload Overload

Reserve Capacity Region Relative predictions

Measures of Mental Workload and Reserve Capacity Behavioral measures Secondary tasks Subjective measures Purpose of workload assessment

Neuroergonomics of Workload Overview EEG Event-related potentials Ultrasound measures of cerebral blood flow Near infrared spectroscopy and cerebral oxygenation

Neuroergonomics of Workload Heart-rate variability Pupil diameter Visual scanning, entropy, and the “nearest neighbor index” Costs and benefits of physiological measures of workload

Relationship between Workload Measures Dissociation Effort and the number of tasks

Consequences of Workload Adaptation

STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL, AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE

The Yerkes Dodson Law

Arousal Theory Transactional and Cognitive Appraisal Theories of Stress Stress Effects on Performance

Stress Components Effects Selective attention: Narrowing Selective attention :Distraction Working memory loss Preservation

Stress Components Effects Strategic control Recruitment of more resources Remove the stressor Change the goals of the task Do nothing

Stress Remediation Environmental solutions Design solutions Training

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

Ability Differences in Multitasking Differences in Working Memory Molecular Genetics and Individual Differences in Cognition Brain Computer Interfaces for Healthy and Disabled Individuals

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