GRADE CONTROL

STABILIZE HEADCUTS FIRST, THEN WORRY ABOUT BANK INSTABILITY SECOND

LOOSE STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLES ON BIG CREEK, UNION COUNTY, IL

WAYNE KINNEY’S REALLY TALL ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLES (ERR) CASE STUDY: ERR #12, WHICH IS A 4.7 FT TALL STRUCTURE

DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION OVERSIGHT BY WAYNE KINNEY, PREZ., MIDWEST STREAMS, INC. OAKDALE, IL. Mini case study: 1 of 10

A 4.7 ft tall ERR, Big Creek, Union County, IL. {rural, sand-gravel, pool- riffle-pool, meandering, incised} Designed by Wayne Kinney Photo by Derrick 2/7/2007 Looking DS at the 4.7 ft tall Engineered Rocked Riffle in the proper location in the crossing between two bends Mini case study: 2 of 10

Pool Key Bank protection Key ERR Bank protection Glide

A 4.7 ft tall ERR, Big Creek, Union County, IL. Designed by Wayne Kinney Photo by Derrick 2/7/2007 Looking at the key, flow right to left. US ERR slope is angle of repose, DS ERR slope is 20 to 1. Mini case study: 3 of 10

A 4.7 ft tall ERR, Big Creek, Union County, IL. Designed by Wayne Kinney Photo by Derrick 2/7/2007 Key is dug 3 ft deep into substrate & up each bank. Stone is IL-DOT RR5-well- graded stone with a top size of 400 pounds. Mini case study: 4 of 10

A 4.7 ft tall ERR, Big Creek, Union County, IL. Designed by Wayne Kinney Photo by Derrick 2/7/2007 Looking DS. Uniform 20 to 1 slope, roughness dissipates energy & assists in fish passage. Mini case study: 5 of 10

A 4.7 ft tall ERR, Big Creek, Union County, IL. Designed by Wayne Kinney Photo by Derrick 2/7/2007 Flood flow crested 5 ft above banks (30 ft over the crest of the ERR) with no damage Mini case study: 6 of 10

A 4.7 ft tall ERR, Big Creek, Union County, IL. Designed by Wayne Kinney Photo by Derrick 2/7/2007 Looking US at the 4.7 ft tall Engineered Rocked Riffle Mini case study: 7 of 10

A 4.7 ft tall ERR, Big Creek, Union County, IL. Designed by Wayne Kinney Photo by Derrick 2/7/2007 Mini case study: 8 of 10 Looking US. A thing of beauty!! Stone was track-walked to increase stability

Photo by Derrick 2/7/2007 Mini case study: 9 of 10 Looking US. Structure roughness, eddy fences, pools & edge boundary layers aid fish passage

A 4.7 ft tall ERR, Big Creek, Union County, IL. Designed by Wayne Kinney Photo by Derrick 2/7/2007 Looking US, note riprap bank protection. Mini case study: 10 of 10

AN ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FLOW Largest stones are placed near crest and on downstream face but must be well-choked. Upstream face is in compression (due to flow)

AN ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FLOW Physical model Colorado State University showed that the highest shear stress starts at the crest & goes for a distance of 1/6 of the downstream face length. Newbury says the backwater should be 1/3 the total height of the structure to dissipate energy & pass sediment through the system.

ENGINEERED ROCK RIFFLES WITH ALL STONES IN COMPRESSION TWO TYPES OF COMPRESSION A: END TO END (typically track- walked in) B: IMBRICATE (t o place in overlapping order like roof shingles)

ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLES WITH STONE IN END-TO-END COMPRESSION, SAND CREEK, KANOPOLIS, KS.

SAND THE FOOT OF KANOPOLIS DAM, KANSAS LET’S BUILD ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE #5 WITH ALL STONES IN END TO END COMPRESSION (track-walked in)

Dig pool Pre-dig & over dig pool Key Bank protection Glide Key ERR Vegetation Typical Engineered Rocked Riffle (ERR)

Dig pool Pre-dig & over dig pool Key Bank protection Glide Key ERR Vegetation not planted in Sand Cr. ERR #5-too close to toe of dam Bank protection

Building the downstream sloped section of the ERR. CONSTRUCTION-SAND CREEK-KANOPOLIS, KS. PIX BY DERRICK

Flow Profile view STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE (ERR) FOR GRADE & HEADCUT STABILIZATION 10 1 Downstream toe trench will be dug next

Digging the DS trench for the ERR. CONSTRUCTION-SAND CREEK-KANOPOLIS, KS. PIX BY DERRICK

Looking across & DS. Stone in place but loose (not in compression) CONSTRUCTION-SAND CREEK-KANOPOLIS, KS. PIX BY DERRICK

Track walking so that stone is in end-to-end compression CONSTRUCTION-SAND CREEK-KANOPOLIS, KS. PIX BY DERRICK

Close-up of sloped section of ERR #5-stones in compression CONSTRUCTION-SAND CREEK-KANOPOLIS, KS. PIX BY DERRICK

Flow left to right, completed ERR #5. Very smooth. Keyed into both banks, but more so on the dam side, any key failure needs to be away from the dam. CONSTRUCTION-SAND CREEK-KANOPOLIS, KS. PIX BY DERRICK

7MONTHS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Photo by Garold Sneegas February 3, 2009

Happy fish in Sand Creek due to increase in water depths due to the ERR 7 MONTHS LATER-SAND CREEK-KANOPOLIS, KS. PIX BY GAROLD SNEEGAS

8MONTHS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Photo by Derrick APRIL 11, 2009

8 MONTHS ERR #5. 8 MONTHS LATER-SAND CREEK-KANOPOLIS, KS. PIX BY DERRICK

“BLOCKY”, SQUARE, ODD-SHAPED, OR RECTANGULAR SHAPED STONES ARE BETTER FOR END-TO- END COMPRESSION

ERR over a sewer line on Cattaraugus Hurdville Rd Bridge. Stones in compression-most edge to edge Pix by Derrick 11/2007

NYSDOT ROAD PROTECTION FOR ROUTE 248 – CHENUNDA CREEK, {suburban, gravel-cobble, pool-riffle-pool, meandering} SOUTH OF WELLSVILLE, NY CONSTRUCTED SEPTEMBER An ERR with integrated fish ladder !! Mini case study: 1 of 8

Chenunda Creek, Willing, NY. Post construction 1/9/2007. Looking across at a 2-ft tall steep-sloped Engineered Rocked Riffle {ERR} with integrated fish passage ladder (ladder on far side of stream). ERR constructed of DOT Heavy {1,200 lb, max weight} stone, all stones set in compression. Pix By DerrickMini case study: 2 of 8

“SLABBY” FLAT STONES ARE BETTER FOR IMBRICATED COMPRESSION

IMBRICATED (SHINGLED FLAT STONE) ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE WITH INTEGRATED FISH LADDER Compression forces are transferred into the ground Flow Construction DS end. Dig trench. Place slabby stone in DS section of trench at angle shown with B {middle} axis parallel to flow, then stack stones in compression until crest elevation is reached.

Post Construction 1/9/2007. Looking US at the ERR. Nice pool for fish passage along left bank Pix by Derrick Mini case study: 3 of 8

INTEGRATED FISH LADDER Flow At least two layers of stones are set in compression to form a pool on the downstream face of the ERR Water surface elevation

Post Construction 1/9/2007. Looking US & across, close-up of the fish ladder pool. Fish can burst to pool, then rest. Pix by Derrick Mini case study: 4 of 8

Post Construction 1/9/2007. Looking across. Note nice “flat” water in fish ladder pool This is a work of art !! Pix by Derrick Mini case study: 5 of 8

LOW LOW LOW FLOW 13 MONTHS AFTER CONSTRUCTION Photos by Dave Derrick OCTOBER 15, 2007

13 Months LATER-low flow. Looking fish ladder. Many stones are underwater. Pix by Derrick 10/15/2007

GRADE CONTROL STRUCTURES ALWAYS ALWAYS NEED BANK PROTECTION (usually the steepest slope & highest velocities in the entire stream)

Looking Oatka Cr., both banks failing at ERR. Pix by Dave Derrick 5/6/2008

Looking ERR, inadequate bank protection, Oatka Cr. Pix by Dave Derrick 5/6/2008

Looking bank ERR on Oatka Cr., NY. Pix by Dave Derrick 5/6/2008

There is great info available on Newbury Rocked Riffles TAKE A BOB NEWBURY CLASS!!! Bob Newbury’s out-of-print “Stream Analysis & Fish Habitat Design Manual” is available at ftp://ftp.lgl.com/pub/ under ‘Stream Analysis.pdf’ ftp://ftp.lgl.com/pub/ When constructing a series of Newbury RR Bob always puts a NRR “at grade” (buried) at the DS end of the project to protect against DS headcuts, max height of a NRR is 1.5 ft, and Bob always puts a tailwater of 1/3 the total height of the upstream NRR on the upstream NRR. This provides energy dissipation into the tailwater pool, & provides sediment continuity (sediment does not deposit between NRR’s and the stream does not meander and flank the DS NRR )

SWAN CREEK DAM FISH PASSAGE MITIGATION HIGHLAND PARK TOLEDO, OHIO PROJECT CONSTRUCTED AUGUST 2008

TWO BIG TRACK-WALKED ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLES WITH INTEGRATED MEANDERING FISHWAYS SWAN HIGHLAND PARK, TOLEDO, OH

DAM MITIGATION ON SWAN HIGHLAND PARK, TOLEDO, OHIO This ERR designed to back water up over the existing dam. Dam Flow Engineered Rocked Riffles (ERR) in series used to mitigate the vertical drop over a concrete dam. This is a constructed pool-riffle-pool configuration. Both sloped at 20 to 1 to provide fish passage. Both have integrated meandering fishways to further facilitate fish passage.

Looking the Highland Park Dam & South Street bridge. PRE-PROJECT-SWAN HIGHLAND PARK DAM PIX-DERRICK

Looking the 80 ft wide roughed-in ERR. CONSTRUCTION-SWAN HIGHLAND PIX BY DAVE DERRICK

Five inch choke stone has been placed within the large stone. CONSTRUCTION-SWAN HIGHLAND PIX BY DAVE DERRICK

THE LOW FLOW FISH PASSAGE CHANNELS ON THE UPSTREAM ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE (ERR)

From bridge, looking the right low flow channel CONSTRUCTION-SWAN HIGHLAND PIX BY DAVE DERRICK

From bridge, looking right low flow channel. CONSTRUCTION-SWAN HIGHLAND PIX BY DAVE DERRICK

Looking the left meandering low flow channel on the US ERR. Two channels were constructed in case one got blocked by debris. CONSTRUCTION-SWAN HIGHLAND PIX BY CHERI BLAIR

From bridge looking at both meandering low flow channels. CONSTRUCTION-SWAN HIGHLAND PIX BY DAVE DERRICK

DON’T TOP-CHOKE STONE WITH WELL- SORTED STONE (same size stone, in this case 5” stone)

Riffles with an abundance of 5 inch choke stone do not provide many hiding areas or edge of stone roughness. CONSTRUCTION-SWAN HIGHLAND PIX BY DAVE DERRICK

THIS IS MUCH BETTER WITH A WELL-GRADED 6 TO 12 INCH STONE

a pool & riffle within one of the low flow channels. Larger stones provide roughness & refugia. CONSTRUCTION-SWAN HIGHLAND PIX BY DAVE DERRICK

Live Pole vegetation integrated into the bank stabilization of an Engineered Rocked Riffle SWAN CREEK, HIGHLAND PARK TOLEDO, OHIO

Blue River 65% Plans – Sheet S-502 Live Siltation-Slope bank to final grade, place willow, dogwood, or other appropriate adventitious rooting live poles on bank, density 3 poles per ft., then place filter stone, then riprap. Poles should be 2/3 buried. Construction sequence detailed in Slides 3-12

CONSTRUCTION PHOTOS OF THE VEGETATED RIGHT BANK STREAMBANK PROTECTION FOR THE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE

Carrying bundles of adventitious poles across ERR. CONSTRUCTION-SWAN HIGHLAND PIX BY DAVE DERRICK

Looking DS. Poles are laid against right bank dirt. CONSTRUCTION-SWAN HIGHLAND PIX BY DAVE DERRICK

Looking DS. Butt ends of poles in water. CONSTRUCTION-SWAN HIGHLAND PIX BY DAVE DERRICK

Hoe is pulling soil toward river, pole will be closer to vertical CONSTRUCTION-SWAN HIGHLAND PIX BY DAVE DERRICK

Note poles DS are closer to vertical. CONSTRUCTION-SWAN HIGHLAND PIX BY DAVE DERRICK

Looking DS. Choke stone functions as filter & bank stabilization. CONSTRUCTION-SWAN HIGHLAND PIX BY DAVE DERRICK

Large stone protection in place, then choked again with 5” stone CONSTRUCTION-SWAN HIGHLAND PIX BY DAVE DERRICK

1 YEAR LATER-Looking right bank plantings on the DS ERR 1 YEAR LATER-SWAN HIGHLAND PARK–DERRICK

This PowerPoint presentation was developed & built by Dave Derrick. Any questions or comments, call my personal , or Enjoy the information!!

There is great info available on Newbury Rocked Riffles TAKE A BOB NEWBURY CLASS!!! Bob Newbury’s out-of-print “Stream Analysis & Fish Habitat Design Manual” is available at ftp://ftp.lgl.com/pub/ under ‘Stream Analysis.pdf’ ftp://ftp.lgl.com/pub/ When constructing a series of Newbury RR Bob always puts a NRR “at grade” (buried) at the DS end of the project to protect against DS headcuts, max height of a NRR is 1.5 ft, and Bob always puts a tailwater of 1/3 the total height of the upstream NRR on the upstream NRR. This provides energy dissipation into the tailwater pool, but also provides sediment continuity (sediment does not deposit between NRR’s and the stream does not meander and flank the DS NRR )