1 AVIAN INFLUENZA IN VIETNAM ‘Cum ga” Le Thi Kim Thoa MD. MPH Senior lecturer of Hygiene and Epidemiology Ha Noi Medical University 1 Ton That tung Ha noi Viet Nam Telephone: Fax:

2 AVIAN INFLUENZA IN VIETNAM Purpose: To provide the lessons on avian flu in Viet Nam Contents: 1.Introduction 2.Short terms strategy 3.Long-terms strategy 4.Lessons learnt 5.How to keep sustainable

WHO Introduction Avian influenza A (AIA) is an infectious disease, caused by H5N1 virus that can survive for long periods [ in bird faeces for at least 35 days at temperature (4 0 C] The disease occurs worldwide "bird flu" H5N1 virus transmitted from farm to farm by the movement of live poultry (faeces), people (when contaminated shoes, clothing, vehicles, equipment, feed, and cages) Restriction on the movement of live poultry, both within and between countries.

WHO AIA [H5N1] outbreaks Began in Asia in mid-2003 reported by nine Asian countries (Viet Nam listed 2) Now spread to Europe Become endemics in several countries including Viet Nam among most chicken population ‘Cum ga’ In late July 2005, focus in Asia to affect poultry and wild birds in Russia Greatest present concern for human health (number of cases and deaths)

Global avian influenza5

6

‘Cum ga’ OUTBREAKS in Viet Nam ‘Cum ga’ outbreaks among poultry population before humans Three ‘cum ga’ outbreaks among humans paralleled with three ‘cum ga’ outbreaks in poultry population ‘Cum ga’ outbreaks among humans started the beginning 2004

‘Cum ga’ OUTBREAKS among poultry population ‘Cum ga’ outbreaks among poultry started 2003 Appear at the South first and then the North Very fast speed Spread out quickly All (61 provinces) reported outbreaks in poultry; 44,5 millions poultry killed among 300 millions poultry population

9 “Cum ga” OUTBREAKS among humans in Viet Nam Very severe disease, high mortality among infected patients Children first and then adults Rural and then urban The first case on December, 2003 Total 93 cases and 42 deaths CFR: 45.2 %

10 Exposures detected Directly contacted Slaughtered ill poultry Resided in poultry outbreak regions Eaten swan’s blood curd Contacted patients with H5N1 Care patients

Viet Nam National Institute for Clinical Research in Tropical Medicine 11 Clinical features among ‘cum ga’ patients Initial syndromes –Fever –Myalgia –Headaches –Cough –Coryza –Diarrhea Respiratory syndromes –Chest paint –Crepitation –Pleura effusion –Pneumothorax –Respiratory failure Others –Hepatomegaly –Delirium –Cerebral hemorrhage –Multiple organ failure

12

13

14 Short term strategy Emergency actions Communication Build up a network for ‘cum ga’ prevention Provided relevant documents Supervision at different levels Destroy poultry and domestic birds Meetings and training Vaccinated for poultry Supports from organizations and other countries

15 Communication Contents ‘cum ga’ information Relevant documents Control measures Relevant documents Policies Roles and tastes of all sectors and organizations at different levels Mass media –Television –Newspapers –Radio –Meetings –Training –Internet

16 Body networking Multi sectors participated Health sector to be as a main coodinator Central level: Provincial level District level Commune level Village level Group level

17 Relevant documents Instructions –Government at different level –Health sector –Agriculture sector Guidelines –Ministry of health –Ministry of argricultrure Reports

18 Supervisions Destroy poultry and their production including eggs at the outbreak areas, in a radius of 3 km Do not allow: poultry transport, buy and sell poultry and process poultry during outbreaks Vaccination for poultry Disinfestations for breeding facilities Isolated uninfected poultry

19 Destroy poultry Destroy completely in outbreak areas around –Forced destroy –Voluntary destroy Destroyed numbers of poultry: From 10 Jan 2005 to 30 Jan 2006: Total poultry destroyed: : - chickens: ducks, swans and grooses: Destroy measures: –Dig bury holes all suspected poultry –Burn infected and dead poultry

MOH20 Supports: International organizations –USDP –WHO –UNICEF 5 Countries: 6.8 million USD –Australia –Holland –Finland –Switzerland –Luxembourg

21 Effects Community participation in all activities from the central levels to individual level. A lot of documents provided Stop outbreaks among poultry in all provinces No new human case in December Vaccination has been process for all provinces

22 Impacted To make the fear of eating poultry and their products Severe losses economics Loss a large and good foods Markets in disorder (most prizes of food up) Poultry farmers loss their incomes after “dry storm”, become the poor. A big amount of valuable birds were killed

23 Long terms prevention Objective: No epidemic occur in both poultry and humans Strengthen the supervision system at different level Review and develop the policies realistic To encourage all communities participating in prevention Education of prevention measures Continue to support from international organizations and countries Sharing experiences

24 Lessons learnt Identify the first case in both poultry and humans as soon as possible Information on ‘cum ga’ correctly in time Participation Produce the timely decisions Develop policies in terms of compensations and loan fund supports How to sustain the effects

25 ‘cum ga’ outbreaks In Viet Nam outbreaks among poultry in 61 provinces (all) outbreaks among humans in 32 provinces (>50%)