Staff Turnover: Research and its Application to Business John Capon Human Resource Advisor Hadlee Kippenberger & Partners
Context Major organisational phenomena Turnover costs 1.5 to 2.5 times annual salary (Cascio, 1991) But, is retention of staff any more important now, than in the past?
Context (Cont’d) Tight Labour Market conditions -High demand -Low availability -Increasing wage and salary costs
Context (Cont’d) Organisations simply cannot find enough staff with the right skills (QSBO, Issue 171)
Context (Cont’d) Sustained shortage Main constraint on business growth
Context (Cont’d) Shortages are most pronounced in the South Island Expected to continue throughout 2004
Retaining Staff Wage and salary “band-aid”? More innovative methods to identify retention drivers? - Climate surveys - Turnover research
Recent Research Griffeth, Hom & Gaertner (2000) Meta-Analysis of the antecedents of turnover - Intentions to leave (0.39) - Organisational commitment (-0.23) - Job satisfaction (-0.19) - Met expectations (-0.18) - Promotional opportunities (-0.16)
Tett & Meyer (1993) Meta-Analysis - Turnover intentions (0.45) - Organisational commitment (-0.33) - Job satisfaction (-0.25) Recent Research
Conducted in conjunction with NZ Army Field Psych Service and HR Executive Postal survey of 273 currently enlisted personnel (37% response rate, n=100) 169-item questionnaire, consisting of robust, empirically derived scales
Significant correlates with intentions to remain in the NZ Army - Organisational commitment (0.43) - Job satisfaction (0.34) - Job involvement (0.24) - Perceived organisational support (0.29) - Organisational citizenship behaviours (0.25) - Community identification (0.20) No significant relationship between WFC and intentions to remain Recent Research
A Model of Military Retention Leading Predictors of Intentions to Remain - Organisational Commitment (ß=.354, p<.001) - Job Satisfaction (ß=.218, p=.031) Job Satisfaction Organisational Commitment Intentions to Remain
A Model of Military Retention Community Involvement JS Intentions to Remain Job Involvement OC Intentions to Remain POS OC and JS Intentions to Remain Job Satisfaction Organisational Commitment Intentions to Remain Perceived Org Support Community Identification Job involvement
RJP POS JS Intentions to Remain Job Satisfaction Organisationa l Commitment Intentions to Remain Perceived Org Support Community Involvement Job involvemen t RJP A Model of Military Retention
Disposition JS and OC Job Satisfaction Organisational Commitment Intentions to Remain Perceived Org Support Community Involvement Job involvement RJP Disposition A Model of Military Retention
Conclusions OC and JS leading predictors of intentions to remain These two fully mediate relationship between intentions to remain and - Community Identification - POS - Job Involvement - Disposition RJP POS JS intentions to remain - Conveyed honesty + RJP
Application to Business Limited Generalisability – but some interesting points to consider - Job satisfaction and organisational commitment - Importance of “community” - conveyed honesty and concern Highlights the usefulness of climate surveys - Tool for identifying innovative methods for retaining staff Prediction of turnover propensity pre-hire?