DEC Seoul Development Institute Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life SEOUL Challenges for Environmentally Sustainable Transport Dr. GyengChul Kim Department of Urban Transit Seoul Development Institute of SMG

DEC Seoul Development Institute Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life Facts About Seoul With a population of 10 million, Seoul is a world-renowned megalopolis. It occupies 605 square kilometers or 0.6 % of the nation’s territory. Seoul is the economic heart of Korea, and has been the key driver of Korea’s economic growth. Seoul’s GRDP as of 2004 was 187 trillion dollar (U.S.), according for 23 % the national GDP. Basic Statistics Population (2005) 10.3 million 20.9 % Area (2005) Area (2005) 605 km % GRDP (2004) 187 trillion $ 23.1 % Companies (2004) Companies (2004)740,779740, % Parkland (2004) Parkland (2004) 160 km 2 Foreign Residents (2005) Foreign Residents (2005) 129 thousand 1.2 %

DEC Seoul Development Institute Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life □ Population : doubled 1970 : 5.4 million 2003 : 10.4 million □ Population : doubled 1970 : 5.4 million 2003 : 10.4 million □ Registered vehicles : 46 times 1970 : 60 thousands 2003 : 2.8 millions □ Registered vehicles : 46 times 1970 : 60 thousands 2003 : 2.8 millions Population & Vehicles

DEC Seoul Development Institute Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life Gridlock of SEOUL in 90’s

DEC Seoul Development Institute Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life Strategy(PUSH + PULL) ○ Physical (between modes(Station+Stops)) ○ Network (Railway, Bus, and others) ○ Fare (Equity, Providing incentives ) ○ Information (Seamless transfer) ○ Institutional (Custom-based) ○ GREENING of Car Space ○ Pedestrian Friendly Street ○ Culture Re-creative Space □ CAR Space : REFORM □ Transit System : Integration for Multi-Modal

DEC Seoul Development Institute Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life ○ Revenue based on Number of Passengers Before ○ Revenue based on Service Distance (Veh  km) + BMS After Revenue System Change Bus Stop  Excessive competition Chaos on roads (interruptions) Quick Stops and Start  Driver vs Passenger FTG  Service Quality  Friendly drivers  No route ownership  Effective route reorg.  Decrease of total op. cost  Decrease of gov. subsidy  Service Quality

DEC Seoul Development Institute Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life Results of Bus Re-routing Increase - Network Capacity  new Bus Route +BRT - Bus ridership - Bus Frequency( Keep Interval ) Decrease – Total Bus Operation Cost  Increase - Bus Company Revenue  Decrease – Subsidy of SMG

DEC Seoul Development Institute Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life ※ Status of Existing Bus Lanes(2005) ▷ Exclusive median bus lanes: 7 lines/ 84 ㎞ ▷ Curbside bus lanes: ㎞ ■ Expansion Plan (13 lines/192 ㎞ ) Create Bus Priority MB Lane

DEC Seoul Development Institute Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life □ CNG buses 2010

DEC Seoul Development Institute Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life □ Restoration of Cheonggyecheon  Decrease of car-traffic volume : 125,000 veh/day Before After(Sep. 2005) Passenger-car Reduction Policy

DEC Seoul Development Institute Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life □ □ CheonGyeCheon Restoration  Balance Regional Development  Create an Environment-friendly City Space Deterioration of City Environment  Recovery of Seoul’s Historic and Cultural Space Loss of Historic and Cultural Relics  Fundamental Solution to Safety Problem Obsolescence of Expressway and Covering Structures  Area Development Falling Behind Other Area of Seoul

DEC Seoul Development Institute Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life Ratio (’03 -> ’05) CO(Ton) % 34.8% NO x (Ton) 2, , , % 18.3% HC(Ton) % 6.8% PM(Ton) % 39.5% Achievement : Air Pollution

DEC Seoul Development Institute Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life DieselUsage(1,000ℓ)148,059126,485118,783 CNG Usage(1,000 ㎥ ) 33,955 41,73144,671 Total Fuel Cost (KRW M) 64,81658,68556,033 Difference of Cost(%) Achievement : Fuel Consumption

DEC Seoul Development Institute Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life ○ Make Success Story dramatically ex) BRT with Restructuring ALL re-Coloring, re-Routing, Free Transfer, re-Spacing, delete M-way+Parking Lot, Use IT for exciting Transit ○ MY Authority First, and Ask others Take Transit, NO-AUTO ○ War against Auto, Dancing with Transit Users With NGO, Labor Union, Political leader Key Messages from Seoul

DEC Seoul Development Institute Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life IT System Solution ? Political WILL ? Emission Control Diesel car surveillance Fine system Public Transit Station Network Information Org. Fare TDM Congestion Pricing Re design+re-spacing INTEGRATION ISSUE for Public Transit Land Use Planning TOD (Long term)